Term
|
Definition
| The scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wundt's approach, which focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of consciousness, thinking, and other kinds of mental states and activities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A procedure used to study the structure of the mind in which subjects are asked to describe in detail what they are experiencing when they are exposed to a stimulus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An early approach to psychology that concentrated on what the mind does-the functions of mental activity-and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An approach to psychology that focuses on the organization of perception and thinking in a "whole" sense rather than on the individual elements of perception. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The approach that views behavior from perspective of the brain, the nervous system, and other biological functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The approach that focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The approach that suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The idea that behavior is caused primarily by choices that are made freely by the individual. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The idea that people's behavior is produced primarily by factors outside of their willful control. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The approach through which psychologists systematically acquire knowledge and understanding about behavior and other phenomena of interest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A prediction, stemming from a theory, stated in a way that allows it to be tested. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The translation of a hypothesis into specific, testable procedures that can be measured and observed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research in which existing data, such as census documents, college records, and newspaper clippings, are examined to test a hypothesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research in which an investigator simply observes some naturally occurring behavior and does not make a change in the situation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research in which people chosen to represent a larger population are asked a series of questions about their behavior, thoughts, or attitudes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An in-depth, intensive investigation of an individual or small group of people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Behaviors, events, or other characteristics that can change, or vary, in some way. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research in which the relationship between two sets of variables is examined to determine whether they are associated, or "correlated." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The variable that is manipulated by an experimenter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The variable that is measured and is expected to change as a result of changes caused by the experimenter's manipulation of the independent variable. |
|
|
Term
| Random assignment to condition |
|
Definition
| A procedure in which participants are assigned to different experimental groups or "conditions" on the basis of chance and chance alone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Meaningful results that make it possible for researchers to feel confident that they have confirmed their hypotheses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research that is repeated, sometimes using other procedures, settings, and groups, of participants, to increase confidence in prior findings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A document signed by participants affirming that they have been told the basic outlines of the study and are aware of what their participation will involve. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Factors that distort how the independent variable affects the dependent variable in an experiment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A false treatment, such as a pill, "drug," or other substance, without any significant chemical properties or active ingredient. |
|
|
