Term
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Definition
| refer to thoughts, beliefs, expectancies, attitudes, and perceptions |
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Term
| cognitive behaviour therapy |
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Definition
| uses cognitive and behavioural strategies to help modify problematic thinking and maladaptive behaviours that are contributing to psychological distress |
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Term
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Definition
| o We can change our emotional and physiological reactions by modifying how we think or how we perceive situations, as well as by modifying how we behave in response to a situation |
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Term
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Definition
- Built on central theoretical assumptions:
o How we interpret, and reach to events is based on our cognitions (beliefs, judgements, expectations, etc) about the events
o Maladaptive cognitions can cause emotional and behavioural symptoms and disorders
- Focus is on promoting more balanced thinking
o Realistic thinking, not necessarily positive thinking
- Irrational thoughts can play a powerful role in how we feel about a given situation |
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Term
| Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy |
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Definition
| - Developed by Albert Ellis, to help individuals change their irrational thoughts |
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Term
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Definition
o Identify irrational thoughts
o Therapist challenges these thoughts
o Teach client to engage in more rational thoughts, through modeling and homework assignments |
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Term
| Aaron Beck's Cognitive Therapy |
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Definition
| - Based on the idea that faulty and dysfunctional thinking is at the heart of psychological disorders |
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Term
| Beck's Cognitive Therapy - 3 basic components |
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Definition
o Identification of maladaptive thoughts
o Use of various methods to counteract the maladaptive thoughts
E.g. hypothesis testing, behavioural experiments
o Behaviourally-based homework assignments, to promote adaptive behaviours (e.g. daily routine, getting out of the house) |
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Term
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Definition
| seeing a single negative event as a generalized pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| making a negative interpretation even though there are no definite facts that support this conclusion |
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Term
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Definition
- Evidence that trying to suppress thoughts actually leads to them to be more present
o Thinking of a white bear |
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Term
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Definition
| - Teaches people how to proceed through logical reasoning to satisfactory solutions to personal problems |
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Term
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Definition
o General orientation
o Problem definition
o Generation of alternativeness – brainstorm all ideas
o Decision making
o Implementation
o Verification |
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Term
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Definition
- Non-judgemental awareness, focused on the present moment
o Roots in ancient Buddhist practices
- Observing, acknowledging, and accepting one’s feelings, thoughts, physical sensations in the moment |
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Term
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Definition
- Refraining from judging one’s sensations, feelings and behaviours
- Thoughts are viewed as just responses or passing event
- Linked to mindfulness |
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Term
| acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) 3 phases |
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Definition
o Learning that past attempts to control troublesome thoughts and emotions have not only been unsuccessful, but increased the frequency of these thoughts
o Learning to experience thoughts and emotions in a non-judgemental way
Done through use of mindfulness training and acceptance exercises
o Identifying values in various life domains and then translating these values into goals and actions (commitment) |
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Term
| exposure-based treatments |
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Definition
- Empirically-supported treatment method for anxiety disorders
- An important component of CBT treatment for specific phobias, social anxiety, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, OCD, PTSD |
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Term
| systematic desensitization |
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Definition
o Establish a fear-antagonistic response to the feared stimulus by pairing the stimulus with relaxation
o You can’t be fearful and relaxed at the same time |
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Term
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Definition
| an approach where the most feared stimulus is introduced right away |
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Term
| exposure to fear hierarchy |
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Definition
| begin with less feared stimuli, and work up towards most feared stimuli |
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Term
| exposure and response prevention (ERP) |
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Definition
| - Combine exposure approach with prevention of the compulsive behaviours that are often part of OCD |
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Term
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Definition
o Counteract the avoidance and withdrawal that often occurs with depression, which leads to a lack of positive reinforcement in the individual’s life
o Engage in activity, even if you don’t feel like it
o Promote experiences with positive reinforcement, re-establish daily activities, promote feelings of success and mastery etc. |
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