Term
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Definition
| Examination of the relationship between (problem) behaviour and its antecedents and consequences |
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Term
| functional assessment procedure |
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Definition
| - Systematic manipulation of environmental events to experimentally test their role in maintaining problem behaviour |
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Term
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Definition
o Completed by people familiar with the client
o Limitations of indirect assessment |
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Term
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Definition
| o Form hypotheses about antecedents and consequences based on direct observation |
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Term
| Operant Causes of Problem Behaviour |
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Definition
Positive Reinforcement: Social
Positive Reinforcement: Self-stimulation
Positive Reinforcement: Non-social
Negative Reinforcement: social
Negative Reinforcement: Self-stimulation
Negative Reinforcement: Non-social |
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Term
| Positive Reinforcement: Social |
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Definition
- Attention from others follows the behaviour
- Clues: the person approaches a caregiver, and/or smiles, just prior to the behaviour
- Treatment considerations:
o Use social attention as reinforcer for alternative behaviour
o Reduce attention paid to problem behaviour |
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Term
| Positive Reinforcement: self-stimulation |
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Definition
- Problem behaviour is maintained by internal self-reinforcing sensation or stimulation
o Automatic reinforcement
- Clues: behaviour continues at a steady rate even though it has no visible effect on others or the environment
- Treatment considerations:
o Increase sensory stimulation by other methods
o Reduce the stimulation that the behaviour produces (e.g. put gloves on hands) |
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Term
| Positive Reinforcement: non-social |
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Definition
- Behaviour maintained by non-social stimuli in the external environment (production of sound)
o External sensory reinforcement
- Clues: behaviour continues undiminished even though it has no social consequences
- Treatment considerations:
o Sensory reinforcement of a desirable alternative behaviour |
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Term
| Negative Reinforcement: social |
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Definition
- Escape from undesirable demands by others
- Clues: behaviour only happens when certain types of demands or requests are made
- Treatment considerations:
o Persist with the demands
o Teach other responses
o Start with easier demands and gradually increase level of difficulty |
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Term
| Negative Reinforcement: self-stimulation |
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Definition
| - E.g. scratching to relieve an unpleasant sensation |
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Term
| Negative Reinforcement: non-social |
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Definition
- Escape from external (non-social) sensory aversive stimuli
o E.g. covering ears to escape a sound |
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Term
| Respondent Causes of Problem Behaviour |
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Definition
- Behaviours that are elicited by stimuli rather than controlled by consequences
- Clues:
o Behaviour consistently occurs in a certain situation or in the presence of certain stimuli
o Not followed by reinforcing consequences
o The behaviour seems voluntary
- Treatment considerations:
o Establish alternative response(s) that compete (counterconditioning) |
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Term
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Definition
| standards of behaviour developed by a culture to promote its own survival |
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Term
| Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists |
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Definition
- Principle I: Respect for the Dignity of Persons
- Principle II: Responsible Caring
- Principle III: Integrity in Relationships
- Principle IV: Responsibility to Society |
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Term
| APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct |
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Definition
- Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
- Fidelity and Responsibility
- Integrity
- Justice
- Respect for Peoples’ Rights and Dignity |
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