Term
Which of the following is a sufficient element to determine abnormality?
Suffering
Maladaptiveness
Deviancy
There is no single sufficient element |
|
Definition
| There is no single sufficient element |
|
|
Term
The fact that body piercings are commonplace today, while they would once have been viewed as abnormal, illustrates that:
modern society is unlikely to change.
what is acceptable for men and women is no longer different.
American culture values independence.
the values of a society may change over time. |
|
Definition
| the values of a society may change over time. |
|
|
Term
Brett persistently injects himself with painkillers. This has greatly increased his chance of overdosing and dying. His behaviour harms no one else. According to the DSM-5, is Brett’s behaviour consistent with the definition of a mental disorder?
Yes, because many people in society engage in this behaviour.
Yes, because he is persistently acting in a way that harms him.
No, because his behaviour must also harm the well-being of others in the community.
No, because there is no evidence that his actions are out of his own control. |
|
Definition
| Yes, because he is persistently acting in a way that harms him. |
|
|
Term
According to the DSM, when is deviant behaviour viewed as indicative of a mental disorder?
Always.
Only when the behaviour is inconsistent with cultural norms.
When it is a symptom of a dysfunction in the individual.
Never. |
|
Definition
| When it is a symptom of a dysfunction in the individual. |
|
|
Term
In the field of abnormal psychology, what does DSM stand for?
Disorders, Science, and the Mind
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
Descriptors for the Science of the Mind
Diagnostic Science of the Mind |
|
Definition
| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual |
|
|
Term
Which of the following best describes the DSM?
A complete guide to the origin, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders.
A work in progress that classifies mental disorders based on what is currently known.
A fundamentally flawed collection of unfounded assumptions about mental disorders.
A collection of random opinions about diagnosing mental disorders. |
|
Definition
| A work in progress that classifies mental disorders based on what is currently known. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following most accurately describes the notion of different viewpoints of abnormal behaviour?
Each viewpoint accurately describes the causes and symptoms of two or three different disorders.
Each viewpoint offers its own explanation of abnormal behaviour.
All viewpoints are equally valid.
Only the biological viewpoint has been studied experimentally. |
|
Definition
| Each viewpoint offers its own explanation of abnormal behaviour. |
|
|
Term
Behaviorism was ________
a reaction to what the behaviorists perceived as a lack of scientific rigor in psychoanalysis.
a reaction to the lack of moral and spiritual factors in most theories at the time.
an attempt to focus on the thinking styles of people with mental illness.
a spin-off theory that elaborated on the psychoanalytic viewpoint. |
|
Definition
| a reaction to what the behaviorists perceived as a lack of scientific rigor in psychoanalysis. |
|
|
Term
The central principle of classical conditioning is that ________
after repeated pairings with a stimulus that naturally causes a response, a neutral stimulus will cause a similar response.
we repeat those actions that we see others engage in.
the consequences of behaviour influence its likelihood of being repeated.
the interaction of genetics and social factors best explains human behaviour. |
|
Definition
| after repeated pairings with a stimulus that naturally causes a response, a neutral stimulus will cause a similar response. |
|
|
Term
While having a gene for Parkinson’s disease guarantees that Parkinson’s disease will develop, this is not the only factor that can lead to Parkinson’s disease. In other words, the presence of the gene is a ________, but not a ________.
risk factor; sufficient cause
sufficient cause; necessary cause
necessary cause; risk factor
contributory cause; sufficient cause |
|
Definition
| sufficient cause; necessary cause |
|
|
Term
The term 'stress' is used in the text to refer to ________
only those external events in our lives that challenge us.
any positive demand made on an organism.
the effects of external stressors within the organism.
anything that makes us unhappy. |
|
Definition
| the effects of external stressors within the organism. |
|
|
Term
Distress is ________
seen when a situation is ambiguous.
a response to a happy life event.
the same thing as eustress.
a response to a negative event. |
|
Definition
| a response to a negative event. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following terms refers to efforts to deal with stress?
Coping strategies
Compensatory strategies
Sublimation
Projection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In DSM-5, a new category has been added. What is this new category?
Stress not specified
Positive stressor disorders
Stress and psychopathology
Trauma- and stressor-related disorders |
|
Definition
| Trauma- and stressor-related disorders |
|
|
Term
Which of the following psychological disturbances does not occur in response to an identifiable experience?
Adjustment disorder
Acute stress disorder
Depression
Post-traumatic stress disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to your eText, which of the following is most stressful to people and animals?
Constant stressors
Predictable stressors
Uncontrollable stressors
Physical stressors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The term 'crisis' refers to ________
any time when a stressful situation exceeds one’s ability to cope.
encountering a number of stressors simultaneously.
a period of especially acute stress.
any encounter that requires a readjustment of self concept |
|
Definition
| any time when a stressful situation exceeds one’s ability to cope |
|
|
Term
According to DSM-5, acute stress disorder becomes PTSD when _________
the trauma is an event out of the realm of normal life experience.
the symptoms last for more than 2 weeks.
the symptoms last for more than 4 weeks.
the symptoms begin within 6 months of the trauma. |
|
Definition
| the symptoms last for more than 4 weeks |
|
|
Term
Estimates of the prevalence of PTSD _________
have not been made.
indicate that most people who experience a traumatic event develop PTSD.
demonstrate that it is more commonly seen in women.
find that it rarely exists as a comorbid condition |
|
Definition
| demonstrate that it is more commonly seen in women. |
|
|
Term
A core symptom of PTSD in DSM-5 is _________
development of stress-related diseases.
reexperiencing of the traumatic event.
panic attacks when remembering the trauma.
depression |
|
Definition
| reexperiencing of the traumatic event. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following would be an example of anxiety?
The voices in Paul's head told him he should be afraid.
Carl was certain that the food was poisoned.
Hilda dreaded walking home alone.
Julie jumped when she saw the snake. |
|
Definition
| Hilda dreaded walking home alone. |
|
|
Term
The main way to tell if someone is having an uncued panic attack, rather than being in a state of fear, is:
whether they shows physiological changes such as increased heart rate.
whether they think about what is happening.
if they feel a strong urge to flee.
if they have a subjective belief that something awful is about to happen. |
|
Definition
| if they have a subjective belief that something awful is about to happen. |
|
|
Term
Why do people with phobias continue to avoid the thing they fear?
Avoidance is reinforced by anxiety reduction.
There is something wrong with their fight or flight system.
They are cognitively unable to make any other decision due to their disorder.
Their low self-esteem causes them to choose not to fight their fear |
|
Definition
| Avoidance is reinforced by anxiety reduction. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following phobias is a 10-year-old boy most likely to suffer from?
Social phobia
Animal phobia
Claustrophobia
Driving phobia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
James began having panic attacks immediately after his mother died suddenly. As they became more frequent, he began to fear going into public situations where they might occur. Now he is unable to leave his apartment and has others go out to shop for him. What is unusual about this case?
It is unusual for a person with severe agoraphobia to be a man.
It is unusual for fear of panic attacks to lead to agoraphobia.
It is unusual for panic attacks to begin after a stressful life event.
There is nothing unusual about this case. |
|
Definition
| It is unusual for a person with severe agoraphobia to be a man. |
|
|
Term
Amber feels anxious almost all the time. She finds herself worrying that her husband will leave her (although he has never shown any indication that he would), that she chose the wrong job, that her children might not be safe at their school, and that she might get sick and leave her family in financial ruin. She calls her husband almost every day to find out when he will be home. She complains to her physician that she is always tired but cannot sleep or relax. Amber's most likely diagnosis is:
generalised anxiety disorder.
generalised social phobia.
obsessive compulsive disorder.
panic disorder with agoraphobia. |
|
Definition
| generalised anxiety disorder. |
|
|
Term
One of the main functions that worry seems to serve in generalised anxiety disorder is:
it keeps people from feeling the emotional and physiological consequences of anxiety.
it prevents people with the disorder from developing depression.
it keeps people with the disorder feeling happier than if they didn't worry.
it keeps people distracted from what is really bothering them. |
|
Definition
| it keeps people from feeling the emotional and physiological consequences of anxiety. |
|
|
Term
Most people with obsessive-compulsive disorder:
develop compulsions in childhood, and obsessions in adolescence or adulthood.
experience both obsessions and compulsions.
experience compulsions, but obsessions are relatively rare.
experience obsessions, but compulsions are relatively rare. |
|
Definition
| experience both obsessions and compulsions. |
|
|
Term
Dagmar is a musician and she loves the fact that she constantly hears new melodies in her head. In fact, she cannot remember a time when she did not hear music. Why is this NOT an example of an obsession?
Obsessions must be accompanied by ritualistic actions.
Obsessions must be voluntary thoughts that a person knows are irrational.
Obsessions must be intrusive thoughts the person finds disturbing.
Obsessions must come on suddenly in response to a stressful life event. |
|
Definition
| Obsessions must be intrusive thoughts the person finds disturbing. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is true of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Although most people have both obsessive thoughts and compulsive rituals, rarely are the two issues related.
This disorder tends to begin in adolescence or early adulthood, but is not uncommon in children.
Once thought to be a fairly common disorder, with new diagnostic criteria, it is seen as quite rare.
Nearly six times more women than men suffer from OCD. |
|
Definition
| This disorder tends to begin in adolescence or early adulthood, but is not uncommon in children. |
|
|
Term
Brittany came to a therapist complaining that she just doesn't enjoy life lately. She says that for the past couple of months, she finds she just doesn't feel like doing the things that she used to love to do. She has also lost a lot of weight and sleeps much more than usual but still feels tired all the time. She says she just can't concentrate on anything. However, she denies feeling sad. Brittany's most likely diagnosis is:
dysthymic disorder.
bipolar II disorder.
major depressive disorder.
no disorder. |
|
Definition
| major depressive disorder. |
|
|
Term
Sam has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. He tells you that he is certain the world will end next Tuesday because everyone in it is so wicked. He refuses to consider that he might be wrong. Sam has:
mood congruent delusions.
mood incongruent delusions.
atypical features.
melancholic features. |
|
Definition
| mood congruent delusions. |
|
|
Term
The average duration of an untreated episode of depression is:
6-9 months.
1 year.
2 years.
unknown, as individuals not seeking treatment haven't been studied. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements is supported by research on the role of genetic influences in unipolar disorder?
The more severe the depressive disorder, the greater the genetic contribution.
Twin studies do not consistently find evidence of an inherited susceptibility to depression.
Unipolar depression is more heritable than bipolar disorder.
Bipolar disorder and unipolar depression are equally heritable. |
|
Definition
| The more severe the depressive disorder, the greater the genetic contribution. |
|
|
Term
Joanne tends to blow up at people and then feel guilty. She worries a lot. She complains that she just doesn't really find anything exciting and life is boring. Joanne:
shows evidence of neuroticism and low positive affectivity, and has a high risk of developing depression.
shows evidence of neuroticism and has a moderate risk of developing depression.
shows evidence of introversion, and has a mild risk of developing depression.
shows no evidence of any kind that would increase her risk for developing depression. |
|
Definition
| shows evidence of neuroticism and low positive affectivity, and has a high risk of developing depression. |
|
|
Term
While there is much support for some elements of Beck's cognitive theory, _______
treatments based on his view of depression are not effective.
findings supporting it as a causal hypothesis are limited.
it does not account for the known biological aspects of depression.
is does not account for sex differences in depression. |
|
Definition
| findings supporting it as a causal hypothesis are limited. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is necessary for a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder?
the occurrence of two or more episodes of major depression
unremitting symptoms for a period of at least two years
symptoms of psychosis
the occurrence of at least one manic episode |
|
Definition
| the occurrence of at least one manic episode |
|
|
Term
Although bipolar I disorder is described as ‘bipolar', __________
a depressive episode is not necessary for a diagnosis.
few patients show both manic and depressive symptoms.
both depressive and manic symptoms typically occur simultaneously.
a year or two commonly passes between manic and depressive episodes. |
|
Definition
| a depressive episode is not necessary for a diagnosis. |
|
|
Term
Carleen comes to therapy because she is feeling sad. Carleen says she has often had periods of extreme sadness in the past and they typically last between 6 and 8 months. During those times she overeats, has trouble sleeping, feels exhausted all the time, and thinks a lot about dying. At other times, however, Carleen says she feels wonderful. During those times, which last about a week, she gets a lot done, feels as if she could do anything, talks a lot and quickly, doesn't sleep, but doesn't feel tired. Carleen says her ‘up’ times are great and have never caused her any trouble. Carleen's most likely diagnosis is:
major depressive disorder.
persistent depressive disorder.
bipolar I disorder.
bipolar II disorder. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
bipolar disorders?
It is seen in men more than women.
It occurs in only those with Bipolar II disorder.
Lithium may trigger a cycling episode.
It is seen in 5–10 percent of those with bipolar disorder. |
|
Definition
| It is seen in 5–10 percent of those with bipolar disorder. |
|
|
Term
In what way does therapy differ from simply talking to a friend or family member about a problem?
Therapy takes time, while a friend’s guidance is more likely to lead to a 'quick fix' of the problem.
Friends provide empathy, while a professional therapist does not.
A therapist’s interaction with a client is guided by theory.
Therapists will seek to determine the underlying issues that have created the problem. |
|
Definition
| A therapist’s interaction with a client is guided by theory. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a disadvantage of psychotherapy?
It is ineffective in treating severe mental disorders.
It takes time.
It is significantly more expensive than all other forms of treatment.
It is generally less effective than talking out your problems with a friend or family member. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What recent changes have altered the types of therapy that are available?
There is an increased need to prove that therapy is effective.
Psychiatrists are hesitant to write prescriptions for many drugs.
The increased use of nurses as therapy providers has increased the use of drugs in many community health settings.
Many popular therapies have been found to do more harm than good. |
|
Definition
| There is an increased need to prove that therapy is effective. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements about therapy is true?
Males are more reluctant than females to seek help for their problems.
Few therapies have been found to be effective.
Therapy is usually the most expensive approach to a problem.
Each therapist has his or her own approach to therapy and does not alter this approach for different clients. |
|
Definition
| Males are more reluctant than females to seek help for their problems. |
|
|
Term
Individuals vary tremendously in their degree of motivation for psychological treatment. Who is likely to be the most motivated?
Harvey, who is going through a job layoff and feels overwhelmed by the crisis.
Jennifer, who was referred by the court to undergo therapy because of a drunk driving charge.
Marvin, whose wife has said she will divorce him unless he gets treatment for his compulsive gambling.
Barry, who is sure he has a heart condition but whose cardiologist suggests he needs psychotherapy to cope with stress better. |
|
Definition
| Harvey, who is going through a job layoff and feels overwhelmed by the crisis. |
|
|
Term
Which person described below is the 'typical' client in psychotherapy?
A middle-aged woman with a long history of psychotic behavior.
An attractive and verbal college student.
A man who has been coerced into treatment by the legal system.
There is no 'typical' client. |
|
Definition
| There is no 'typical' client. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is the best example of a 'model' therapy session?
A child with ADHD is taught ways to filter out distractions.
A woman with an anxiety disorder is taught relaxation techniques.
An alcoholic sees a therapist, attends AA meetings, and is taking an antidepressant medication.
There is no 'model' therapy. |
|
Definition
| There is no 'model' therapy. |
|
|
Term
What two professional groups deal extensively with emotional problems but typically do not have specific training in counselling?
Physicians and the clergy.
Physicians and psychiatrists.
The clergy and psychiatric social workers.
Psychiatrists and the clergy. |
|
Definition
| Physicians and the clergy. |
|
|
Term
Which type of mental health professional is able to prescribe psychoactive medications in every state?
Clinical psychologist
Psychiatrist
Psychiatric nurse
Psychiatric social worker |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The current practice of providing treatment stresses _________
the value of confining a patient to a mental hospital.
the individual’s responsibility for finding a personal solution to his or her problems.
the coordination of services in the community.
turning over to the patient’s family the responsibility for behavior change. |
|
Definition
| the coordination of services in the community. |
|
|
Term
What do the somatic symptom and dissociative disorders have in common?
Both are characterised by physical complaints.
Both are more common in men.
Both appear to be ways of alleviating anxiety.
Both have onset during early childhood. |
|
Definition
| Both appear to be ways of alleviating anxiety. |
|
|
Term
Dissociation:
only occurs in people with a dissociative disorder.
is a sign that something is seriously wrong.
is extremely common and not necessarily pathological.
is extremely rare and not necessarily pathological. |
|
Definition
| is extremely common and not necessarily pathological. |
|
|
Term
Assuming a new identity in a new place is characteristic of:
depersonalisation disorder.
all forms of dissociative amnesia.
dissociative fugue.
dissociative identity disorder. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is most suggestive of dissociative identity disorder?
Grace's feelings about James switch from positive to negative instantly.
Peter could not explain why he didn't complete the project.
Delilah was never able to make up her mind.
Kyla could not recall where she had been or what she had done all day. |
|
Definition
| Kyla could not recall where she had been or what she had done all day. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is most commonly true of the host identity in dissociative identity disorder?
It does not answer to the person's actual name.
It is always the most well adjusted of the identities.
It is the second or third alter to develop.
It is not the original identity. |
|
Definition
| It is not the original identity. |
|
|
Term
Brigid has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. Brigid is the host personality. We can expect that the alter identities:
are very much like Brigid.
are strikingly different from Brigid.
only ‘come out’ when there is no stress in the environment.
are very much like one another. |
|
Definition
| are strikingly different from Brigid. |
|
|
Term
All of the following are associated with dissociative identity disorder except:
depression.
hallucinations.
psychosis.
substance abuse. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Recent estimates suggest that about 50 percent of those with dissociative identity disorder have:
only two identities.
two alters, in addition to the host identity.
over ten identities.
as many as two hundred identities. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is one reason why the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder (DID) has been increasing?
Children in today's society are far more likely to experience severe trauma than they were in the past.
Many people with trauma from childhood are now reaching adulthood.
As of 1980 most insurance companies had to accept DID as a billable diagnosis.
It may be that the prevalence of DID has not changed at all, but that clinicians may unknowingly encourage the emergence of new identities. |
|
Definition
| It may be that the prevalence of DID has not changed at all, but that clinicians may unknowingly encourage the emergence of new identities. |
|
|
Term
According to sociocognitive theory of the aetiology of dissociative identity disorder:
the mind separates due to some traumatic experience and is never fully integrated, resulting in the multiple identities observed in DID.
the alters in DID develop as a means of escaping from some form of trauma.
DID has a factitious origin.
DID may develop when a suggestive patient is treated by an overzealous clinician. |
|
Definition
| DID may develop when a suggestive patient is treated by an overzealous clinician. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is an example of a delusion?
Bob thought the CIA was controlling his thoughts.
The voices in Jaimie's head told him not to trust the priest.
Tracy did not think she could get pregnant the first time she had sex.
Carla saw and felt bugs crawling up her arm. |
|
Definition
| Bob thought the CIA was controlling his thoughts. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is likely a sign of disorganised schizophrenia?
Dillon believes he is God, but will respond to any direction he is given.
Peter appears to feel no emotion and tends to make odd facial expressions and movements.
Kyle is constantly asking for a doctor as he is convinced that his stomach is going to explode.
Trista fears for her life because the pictures on the wall have told her that she is not safe. |
|
Definition
| Peter appears to feel no emotion and tends to make odd facial expressions and movements. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following best describes the person with paranoid schizophrenia?
Jake, who shows bizarre behaviour, delusions, and disordered speech but has normal emotions.
Lincoln, whose schizophrenia involves a chronic pattern of wild excitement followed by muteness and immobility.
Constance, whose speech is incoherent and filled with invented words but whose emotions are inconsistent and inappropriate for the situation.
Pauline, who is convinced that her husband is poisoning her food and can hear voices (that others cannot hear) calling her a liar and a thief. |
|
Definition
| Pauline, who is convinced that her husband is poisoning her food and can hear voices (that others cannot hear) calling her a liar and a thief. |
|
|
Term
There is some debate as to whether ________ is a variant of schizophrenia or a form of mood disorder.
residual type
schizoaffective disorder
schizophreniform disorder
undifferentiated type |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Studies of adopted children who were at high-risk for developing schizophrenia found that ___________________ appeared to increase the likelihood that these children would show high levels of thought disorders.
vague, confusing, and unclear communication
physical abuse
permissive parenting
divorce |
|
Definition
| vague, confusing, and unclear communication |
|
|
Term
Linkage analysis:
is being used to help locate genes associated with schizophrenia.
is being used to identify family risk factors.
is being used to find the connections between stress and schizophrenia.
is being used to show problems in connections between neurons. |
|
Definition
| is being used to help locate genes associated with schizophrenia. |
|
|
Term
Based on current research, which statement is most justified?
Genetics play such a strong role, they are a sufficient condition for schizophrenia.
Genetics increase a person's vulnerability to develop schizophrenia.
Genetics may not be sufficient for schizophrenia, but everyone who develops schizophrenia must have some number of ‘schizophrenia genes.’
Genetics cannot play a significant role in the cause of schizophrenia because most people with the disorder have no close relatives who have it. |
|
Definition
| enetics increase a person's vulnerability to develop schizophrenia. |
|
|
Term
There is a new trend to focus on dopamine receptor sensitivity rather than on dopamine itself because:
there is strong evidence that people with schizophrenia have too much dopamine.
there is no strong evidence that people with schizophrenia have too much dopamine.
there is strong evidence that people with schizophrenia have used too many drugs.
there is only one type of dopamine receptor. |
|
Definition
| there is strong evidence that people with schizophrenia have too much dopamine. |
|
|
Term
The first-generation antipsychotics seem to work because they block dopamine. This is supported by the new research findings that:
patients report they feel better right away, although there isn't any actual clinical changes occurring.
changes in symptoms occur without any side effects.
changes in symptoms begin to occur weeks after starting to take the medications, rather than immediately.
changes in symptoms begin to occur very quickly after starting the medications, not weeks later as previously thought. |
|
Definition
| changes in symptoms begin to occur very quickly after starting the medications, not weeks later as previously thought. |
|
|
Term
Cognitive-behavioural treatment for people with schizophrenia:
tries to help people learn a trade so they can earn a living.
tries to help people gain the skills they need for daily living.
tries to help people find the services they need in the community.
tries to help people question their delusions to help reduce their intensity. |
|
Definition
| tries to help people question their delusions to help reduce their intensity. |
|
|
Term
What complicates the diagnosis of maladaptive behaviour in childhood?
Behaviour that is problematic for a child of one age is normal behaviour for a child of a different age.
The dividing line between childhood and adolescence has been arbitrarily drawn.
Most psychological disorders in the young have an identifiable environmental cause.
Drugs are not effective in treating the disorders that are most commonly seen in children. |
|
Definition
| Behaviour that is problematic for a child of one age is normal behaviour for a child of a different age. |
|
|
Term
Children with ADHD that have symptoms of hyperactivity:
are usually well liked by their peers because they are always active.
are usually well liked by their peers because they become ‘class clowns.’
are usually viewed negatively by their peers because of their behaviours.
are usually viewed negatively by their peers because they are socially withdrawn. |
|
Definition
| are usually viewed negatively by their peers because of their behaviours. |
|
|
Term
Treatment of ADHD with drugs such as Ritalin is thought to be effective as it:
quietens the voices.
increases the ability to concentrate.
interferes with glutamate activity.
acts as a sedative. |
|
Definition
| increases the ability to concentrate. |
|
|
Term
The evidence suggests that medications for ADHD:
work well for the short-term but show little long-term effect.
work well for both the short- and long-term.
really don't work at all—what is seen is due to the placebo effect.
only work for children who have had the diagnosis at least two years. |
|
Definition
| work well for the short-term but show little long-term effect. |
|
|
Term
In order of diagnosis, ________ occurs before antisocial personality disorder just as ________ occurs before conduct disorder.
ODD; conduct disorder
conduct disorder; ODD
ADHD; conduct disorder
conduct disorder; ADHD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The cohesive family model is a treatment strategy for the child with conduct disorder that:
focuses on how the child's behaviour elicits negative responses from other family members.
proposes that dysfunctional interactions have served to maintain the child's problematic behaviour.
teaches the child basic moral lessons.
combines punitive and therapeutic interventions. |
|
Definition
| proposes that dysfunctional interactions have served to maintain the child's problematic behaviour. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a possible explanation for the seeming lack of emotion in autistic children?
They have no emotions.
They lack social understanding.
Neurological impairment—they can feel but not show emotions.
Immaturity—they will show more as they get older. |
|
Definition
| They lack social understanding. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following would be most distressing to a child with autism?
Soft, monotonous sounds.
An everyday routine that stays the same.
Altering a familiar environment.
Not having a normal sleep pattern. |
|
Definition
| Altering a familiar environment. |
|
|
Term
The extremely intensive experimental behaviour program designed by Ivar Lovaas for children with autism:
has not proven successful.
has shown promise, but not as much as medications.
helped almost half of the children in the treatment program achieve normal intellectual functioning.
helped most of the parents of autistic children learn to cope better with their children. |
|
Definition
| helped almost half of the children in the treatment program achieve normal intellectual functioning. |
|
|
Term
A learning disability usually is identified:
because teachers and school administrators are on the watch for the signs.
because a child shows a disparity between his or her actual academic achievement and expected academic achievement.
because a child begins to show significant emotional problems, fails, and begins to hate school.
because the child has been doing very well in school for several years and then suddenly starts failing. |
|
Definition
| because a child shows a disparity between his or her actual academic achievement and expected academic achievement. |
|
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Term
According to the DSM-5, which of the following must be true for a personality disorder diagnosis?
The patient must experience mild irritability.
Signs of psychosis must be present.
The person's behavioural problems must cause them distress or impairment.
The patient's behaviour must reflect a lack of impulse control. |
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Definition
| The person's behavioural problems must cause them distress or impairment. |
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Term
Individuals who seem odd and eccentric to others may have personality disorders from:
proposed diagnostic categories needing further study.
Cluster B.
Cluster C.
Cluster A. |
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Definition
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Term
Greg has been diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder. Knowing this, which of the following jobs would he be most likely to enjoy?
Night-time security guard who works alone.
Receptionist at a busy dentist's office.
Elementary school teacher who works with children who have emotional problems.
Insurance inspector who uncovers clues that criminal behaviour has occurred. |
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Definition
| Night-time security guard who works alone. |
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Term
Transient psychotic symptoms are seen in which of the following personality disorders?
Paranoid and schizotypal
Schizoid and antisocial
Paranoid and schizoid
Schizotypal and schizoid |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following core dysfunctional beliefs might explain the development of histrionic personality disorder?
‘I am the only one I can trust.’
‘I need a man to define me.’
‘I am completely helpless.’
‘If I am not fun, they will abandon me.’ |
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Definition
| ‘If I am not fun, they will abandon me.’ |
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Term
Which of the following distinguishes narcissistic personality disorder from the other Cluster B disorders?
Vanity
Emotionality
Impulsivity
Grandiosity |
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Definition
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Term
What ‘border’ did the term ‘borderline’ in borderline personality refer to?
The border between mood and anxiety disorders
People with borderline personality disorder were thought to be on the brink of psychosis, on the border between sanity and insanity.
The behaviours exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders.
Because people with borderline personality disorder behave normally much of the time, they were thought to only be on the edge of mental illness. |
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Definition
| The behaviours exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders. |
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Term
The fear of abandonment is seen in both borderline and dependent personality disorder. A key difference is their reaction to it ...
the person with borderline personality disorder tries to resolve the issues rationally, and the person with dependent personality disorder is afraid to seek out new relationships.
the person with borderline personality disorder gets angry, and the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive.
the person with borderline personality disorder goes to other people for a replacement, and the person with dependent personality disorder stays alone and sad.
the person with borderline personality disorder gets depressed, and the person with dependent personality disorder gets angry. |
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Definition
| the person with borderline personality disorder gets angry, and the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive. |
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Term
What is the main difference between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)?
People with OCD can do a compulsion once and feel better, people with OCPD never feel better no matter how many times they do them.
People with OCPD are less conscientious about their rituals than people with OCD.
People with OCPD do not have true obsessions or compulsions like people with OCD have.
People with OCD are more perfectionistic than people with OCPD. |
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Definition
| People with OCPD do not have true obsessions or compulsions like people with OCD have. |
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Term
| BLANK QUIZ 10 Qu. 10 (Dont know the answer) |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following accounts for more morbidity and mortality than all eating disorders combined?
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Binge-eating disorder
Obesity |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not a condition found in the DSM?
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Binge-eating disorder
Obesity |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following was a diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa in DSM-IV but has not been included in DSM-5?
Refusal to maintain normal body weight.
Distorted perception of body size and shape.
Amenorrhea.
Denial. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is characteristic of the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia?
The use of laxatives.
30 to 50 percent of those who begin by binge-eating and purging become restricting type anorexics.
Body weight is within normal range.
Efforts to restrict food intake. |
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Definition
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Term
Andrea has anorexia nervosa, restricting type. Which of the following behaviours would you expect her to have?
Self-induced vomiting.
Cutting up her food into little pieces when she eats.
Normal menstrual periods.
Occasional bouts of overeating. |
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Definition
| Cutting up her food into little pieces when she eats. |
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Term
Henry used to become intoxicated after six drinks. Now he needs ten or twelve to get the same effect. This is an example of ________
a psychoactive substance abuse disorder.
tolerance.
withdrawal symptoms.
an organic impairment. |
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Definition
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Term
The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms ________
indicates that substance abuse has developed.
is necessary for a diagnosis of substance abuse.
is seen when use of any psychoactive substance is terminated.
signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug. |
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Definition
| signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug. |
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Term
All drugs that people become dependent upon ________
are socially acceptable.
act on pleasure pathways in the brain.
provide the user with renewed energy.
produce withdrawal symptoms when use is ceased. |
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Definition
| act on pleasure pathways in the brain. |
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Term
What is the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP)?
It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria.
It is the area of the brain that is destroyed by alcohol and leads to amnestic disorder.
It metabolises all psychoactive drugs.
It explains why genetically vulnerable individuals have altered brain wave patterns. |
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Definition
| It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria. |
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Term
The first stage in the treatment of any form of substance dependence is ________
group psychotherapy.
treating physical withdrawal symptoms.
the use of Antabuse.
the administration of antidepressants. |
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Definition
| treating physical withdrawal symptoms. |
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