Term
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Definition
| A group of disorders characterized by severely impaired cognitive processes, personality disintegration, affective disturbances, and social withdrawal. Those affected lose contact with reality, may have visual or auditory halluncinations, or may develop false beliefs about themselves or others. |
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Term
| Schizophrenia Hx of the Dx Category & DSM-IV-TR - Kraepelin |
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Definition
| 1896 Emil Kraepelin recognized that symptioms such as hallucinations, delusions, and intellectual deterioration were characteristic of a particular disorder whose onset began at an early age. He termed it "dementia praecox" (insanity at early age). He believed it to be organic, with poor prognoses. People who did recover were thought to be mis-dx. |
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| Schizophrenia Hx of the Dx Category & DSM-IV-TR - Bleuler |
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Definition
| Eugen Bleuler disagreed with Kraepelin. He didn't believe all or most cases developed at early age. The symptoms of schizophrenia were the result of disordered thought processes affectin the four As: autism (complete self-focus), associations (unconnected ideas), affect (inappropriate emotions), and ambivalence (uncertainty over actions). Argued it didn't always result in continued deterioration, and believed that dementia praecox represented a group of disorders that have different causes. Also thought that environmental factors with a genetic predisposition produced the disorder. |
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Term
| Schizophrenia Dx DSM-IV-TR |
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Definition
| Dx should only be given if delusions, auditory hallucinations, or marked disturbances in thinking, affect, or speech are shown. Pt must also have deteriorated from a previous level of functioning concerning work, interpersonal relationships, self-care, and the like. Evidence should show that the disorder lasted at least 6 months and that the symptoms have been present most of the time for at least one month. Organic mental disorders and affective disorders must be ruled out as causes of pt's symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Delusions, hallucinations, thought disorder (shifting and unrelated ideas that produce incoherent communication), and bizarre behavior. There appear to be 3 uncorrelated dimensions in schizophrenia. First two, psychoticism, represented by hallucinations and delusions, and disorganization, which includes disorganized speech and behavior, inappropriate affect,motor disturbances, and disordered thought - are often described as positive symptoms. Negative symptoms, the 3rd dimension, are associated with inferior premorbid social functioning and carr poorer prognosis. Symptoms include flat affect, alogia, and avolition. Negative symptoms may not be reversible unlike positive symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Little or no emotion in situations in which strong reactions are expected. |
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Term
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Definition
| A lack of meaningful speech. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to take action or to become goal oriented. |
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Term
| Those suffering with schizophrenia may shave or cut their hair off, wear redundant clothing, or drastically change makeup in order to: |
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Definition
| Attempt to maintain identity or to deal with anxieties before a psychotic break. |
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| Schizophrenics may display a feeling of personal failure and _. |
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Definition
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Term
| Up to ___% of schizophrenics commit suicide. |
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Definition
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Term
| Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: |
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Definition
| Symptoms that may diminish with tx such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized communication and thought disturbances, and motor disturbances. |
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Term
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Definition
| False personal beliefs that are firmly and consistently held despite disconfirming evideence or logic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Belief that a one is famous or powerful. |
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Term
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Definition
| Belief that other people, animals, or objects are trying to influence or take control of him or her. |
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Term
| Delusions of Thought Broadcasting |
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Definition
| A belief that others can hear the individual's thoughts. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person's belief that others are plotting against, mistreating, or even trying to kill him or her. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person's belief that e or she is always the center of attention or that all happenings revolve about him or herself, i.e., others are always whispering behind their back. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person's belief that his or her thoughts are beign removed from his or her mind. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hallucinations are sensory perceptions that are not directly attributable to environmental stimuli. These are NOT pathognomonic - not specifically distinctive to this disorder. |
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Term
| The most common type of hallucination: |
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Definition
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Term
| Strategies for reducing or preventing hallucinations: |
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Definition
| Distraction, ignoring, selective listening, and setting limits. |
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Term
| Loosening of Associations |
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Definition
| (Cognitive Slippage) is the continual shifting from topic to topic without any apparent logical or meaningful connection between thoughts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Assumption and maintenance of an unusual (and often awkward) body position. |
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Term
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Definition
| Poor prognosis, and may be the result of structural abnormalities in the brain. |
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Term
| Associated Features and Mental Disorders Associated with Schizophrenia: |
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Definition
| Anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure), Social Anhedonia, and Lack of Insight. A large percentage have severe social anxiety. |
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Term
| Schizophrenic Suicide Risk Factors |
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Definition
| Severe depression, younger age, and the experience of traumatic stress. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common type, found equally in men and women. Age of Onset: 30's, later in life than other types; later onset in women. Prognosis: Better than with other types; often little impairment in occupational functioning. |
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Term
| Disorganized Schizophrenia |
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Definition
| Somewhat common type; more common in females. Age of Onset: Mid to late teens; earlier in females. Prognosis: Poor, continuous course without significant remission. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rare in US but more prevalent in non-western cultures. Age of Onset: Late teens to early 20's. Course may be intermittent or isidious and chronic. |
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Term
| Undifferentiated Schizophrenia |
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Definition
| Relatively common type; found equally in men and women. Age of Onset: Early 20's or somewhat earlier. Uncertain course, depending on specific symptom patterns. |
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Term
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Definition
| Somewhat common type. Age of Onset: Early 20's for both males and females. Course may be time-limited, representing a transition between psychotic episodes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sim months or more. May or may not be present. Emotional reactions variable; hallucinations. Return to earlier, higher level of functioning is uncommon. Higher prevalence of schizophrenia among family members. |
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Term
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Definition
| Are involved in the etiology in schizophrenia. |
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Term
| Problems in Interpreting Genetic Studies |
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Definition
| Several types of schizophrenia may exist, with different sets of causes and varying degrees of genetic influence. The psychological condition of both parents must be considered. Studies bases on patients with severe and chronic cases of schizophrenia may inflate estimates of genetic influence. Reearchers may use differing definitions of concordance. An interviewer who knows that he or se is interviewing relatives of a person with schizophrenia might be more likely to find pathology. |
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Term
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Definition
| Concordance rates for monozygotic twins with schizophrenia is two to four times higher than among dizygotic. "Latent or borderline" schizophrenia, acture schizophrenic reactions, and schizoid and inadequate personality as concordant. These disorders are part of the schizophrenia spectrum, genetically related to schizophrenia. |
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Term
| The prevalence of schizophrenia in the general population is __%. |
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Definition
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Term
| Children ages 7 to 12 y.o.a. of parents with schizophrenia are __. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals with schizophrenia are more likely to: have had mothers who displayed more severe symptoms, have been separated from their parents and placed in children's homes early in life, have had mothers who had more serious pregnancy or birth complications, and have a slower autonomic recovery rate. |
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