Term
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Definition
| When evaluation our own perceptions, opinions, values, abilities, etc…we use other people as a basis of comparison |
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Term
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Definition
Process through which people interoperate information about others, draw inferences and bout, and develop mental representations of them
Influences whether you see a person as hostile, friendly, repugnant, likable, or possibly lovable
Ex: First impressions |
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Term
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Definition
People are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior in an effort to make sense of behavior
Attribution: The process people go thorough to explain the causes of behavior, including their own. |
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Term
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Definition
| Internal attribution: are causes that reflect characteristics of the person, personality traits, intelligence, attitudes, and health |
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Term
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Definition
| are causes that arise not from the person, but from the situation, social pressure aspects of social situations, money, weather, and luck |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to weather an internal or external cause is relatively enduring and permanent or whether it is temporary and likely to change. |
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Term
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Definition
| Attribute other people’s behavior to internal causes but attribute their own behavior to external factors, especially when the behavior is inappropriate or involves failure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Attributing explanations for one’s successes to internal factors and explanations for one’s failures to external factors |
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Term
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Definition
People are motivated not to think about negative information
To attribute failure to an internal characteristics is likely to be threatening to the self-esteem |
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Term
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Definition
Proximity
Close to them, “Residence Hall” etc
Mere exposure
Just the exposure to people is enough to like them
Similarity
Reciprocity of liking effect
Physical attractiveness |
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Term
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Definition
| Intentional injury or harm to another person |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of discharging built up aggressive energy |
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Term
Frustration-aggression approaches
Frustration |
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Definition
| The thwarting or blocking of some ongoing, goal-directed behavior |
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Term
| Observational learning approaches |
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Definition
Effects of modeling
Behave aggressively because we’ve learned to behave aggressively |
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Term
| Diffusion of responsibility |
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Definition
| Tendency for people to feel that responsibility for acting is shared, or diffused among those present |
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Term
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Definition
| Helping behavior that is beneficial to others but clearly requires self-sacrifice |
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Term
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Definition
| Fear of Heights, Public Spaces |
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Term
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder |
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Definition
| Persistent uncontrollable urge to engage in senseless rituals |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of one’s sense of identity, via loss of memory or consciousness |
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Term
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Definition
Sudden loss of memory of identity or personal incident
Often associated with a a traumatic event |
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Term
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Definition
Amnesia for identity and entire life
Take on a new life
Memory loss is selective. Can remember matters unrelated to identity
Example: Can remember driving – but not name |
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Term
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Definition
| Disturbances in emotional feelings strong enough to interude on everyday life |
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Term
Old Fashioned "Cure"
Trephining |
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Definition
| Chizzes a hole into a skull, to “Release the evil spirit" |
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Term
Types of Therapy
Biomedical |
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Definition
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Term
Types of Therapy
Psychological |
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Definition
| Trained psych doctors use to help define the problem, and overcome the difficulties with the problem, so the clients life is better |
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Term
Approaches to Psychotherapy:
Psychodynamic therapies |
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Definition
| Stress the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of experiences in early childhood |
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Term
Approaches to Psychotherapy:
Psychodynamic therapies |
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Definition
| Freud’s therapeutic technique for analyzing and individual’s unconscious thought |
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Term
Freud’s Psychoanalysis
Techniques:
Free association |
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Definition
| Freely speaking about whatever comes to mind, lowers “defenses” so unconscious things begin to slip out |
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Term
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Definition
| Disorders due to learning maladaptive behavior |
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Term
Behavioral Therapy
Can Happen through: |
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Definition
| Classical Condition - paring of stimuli |
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Term
Behavioral Therapy
Can Happen through: |
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Definition
| Operant conditioning - client is being reinforced for problem behavior |
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Term
| Systematic desensitization |
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Definition
Client builds anxiety hierarchy
Train client in deep relaxation
Client works through hierarchy in imagination
From 1-10, starts with 1 on the anxiety hierarchy |
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Term
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Definition
| Repeatedly pair the undesirable behavior with aversive stimuli to decrease the behavior’s rewards |
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Term
Behavioral Therapy: Using Operant Conditioning
Behavior modification |
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Definition
Desired behavior reinforced
Undesired behavior NOT reinforced |
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Term
Behavioral Therapy: Using Operant Conditioning
Token economy |
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Definition
| Behavior are reinforced with tokens that later can be exchanged for desired rewards |
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Term
Cognitive approaches to Therapy:
Disorders (anxiety, depression, negative emotions) due to: |
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Definition
Maladaptive through processes
Irrational assumptions and beliefs
Negative, self-defeating thinking about self |
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Term
| Cognitive approaches to Therapy: |
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Definition
Help client restructure belief system into a more realistic, rational and logical set of views
This changes feelings and behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
Person centered therapies enabled people to reach their potential for self-actuation
Unconditional |
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Term
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Definition
| Therapy that focuses on brain chemistry and other neurological factors |
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Term
Biomedical Therapy:
Drug therapy |
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Definition
| Control of psych disorders through drugs |
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Term
Biomedical Therapy:
Electroconvulsive therapy |
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Definition
Shock therapy
In which an electric can briefly administered to an patients head causing a loss of consciousness and often seizures |
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Term
Biomedical Therapy:
Psychosurgery |
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Definition
| Brain surgery to reduce symptoms of mental disorder by surgically destroying or removing parts of the brain thought to control emotionality. |
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