Term
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Definition
the process of starting, directing, and maintaining physical and psychological activities. |
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Term
| Preference, Intensity, and Persistance |
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Definition
preference- one activity chosen over another
Intensity- vigor of the response
Persistance- persistance of organized patterns of actions towards a goal |
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Term
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Definition
Primary- simple, serves biological needs, common to all animals
Complex- learned behaviors, typically involve social interaction |
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Term
Hunger as a motive
- Blood Glucose Levels
- Hypothealamic involvement
- External Cues
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Definition
Blood Glucose levels- hunger motivates you to supply enough glucose
Hypothalamic involvement
1. Lateral portion- tells us what to eat
2. Ventromedial portion- tells us when to stop
External Cues- Diet and social factors
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Term
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Definition
Obesity- lower metabolic rate, genetics (twin studies tested), externality hyporthesis
Anorexia- three stages
1. Concern of physical appearance
2. increased fear of eating and becoming fat
3. Admission of problem, increased food intake
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Term
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Definition
Humans are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal.
Easy tasks- high optimal level of arousal
Moderately difficult tasks- medium level of arousal
Difficult tasks- low level of arousal |
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Term
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Definition
Conditioning is learning.
1. Classical- learning assocation between 2 stimuli (learner acted on by environment)
2. Operant- learning assocation between behavior and consequences (learner operates on environment) |
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Term
| Unconditioned Stimuls and Unconditioned Response |
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Definition
US: stimulus elicits reflexive response (smell food)
UR: automatic response (salivating) |
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Term
| Conditioned stimulus and Conditioned Response |
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Definition
cs: initially neutral stimulus paired with unconditioned stimulus (Bell)
cr: learned response (salivating to bell) |
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Term
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Definition
| Conditioned response disappears |
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Term
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Definition
| Conditioned response appears with similar stimuli (different bells) |
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Term
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Definition
Response followed by a reward > stregnethens
Response followed by punishment> weakens |
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Term
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Definition
| increase of behavior (Skinner) |
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Term
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Definition
| when a response produces something |
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Term
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Definition
| response removes something |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| addition of something decreases behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| taking away something decreases behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| relationship between sensory experience and physical properties of stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
Absolute- smallest amount of energy a person can detect
Difference- smallest difference in stimulation that can be detected when two things are compared |
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Term
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Definition
| the concept that a just-noticeable difference in a stimulus is proportional to the magnitude of the original stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| Bodily orientation with respect to gravity |
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Term
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Definition
| Bodily orientation with respect to rest of body |
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Term
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Definition
| Touch, pressure, cold, warmth, pain |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical substance of food interacts with receptors on tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical substances in air interact with receptors of the olfactory epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
| Sound waves moving through air or other substance that stimulate audiotry receptors in ears |
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Term
| Characteristics of Sound waves |
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Definition
Amplitude- loudness (Db)
Frequency- pitch (Hz)
Complexity- timbre (difference of sound) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Colored portion of eye, muscles change size of pupils |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| light sensitive region of eye where photorecepors dwell |
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Term
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Definition
| day vision and color, concentrated in fovea |
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Term
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Definition
| night vision and achromatic vision |
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Term
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Definition
| near sightedness, image is only what is right in front of you |
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Term
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Definition
| far sightedness,short eyeball, lens not powerful enough, focus better on things far away |
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Term
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Definition
| where the light is directed towards. If light is not focused on fovea but on blind spot you become blind |
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Term
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Definition
Hue- color we perceive (wavelength)
Brightness- intensity or amount of light you see
Saturation- vividnss or purity of color
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Term
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Definition
| both eyes see a slightly different view of the same object |
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Term
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Definition
| physical characteristics/stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| Interpretation inside of our head |
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Term
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Definition
| features of stimuli indicate how far an object is from the observer or another object |
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Definition
| require both eyes to see cue, used for CLOSE objects |
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Term
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Definition
| only requires one eye, used for FAR objects |
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Term
| Gestalt's laws of grouping |
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Definition
1. proximity- objects close together are perceived to be in the same group
2. Similarity- similar objects grouped together
3. Continuation- fill gaps when lines are interrupted (hot dog)
4. Closure- when a familiar object is partially covered up, we imagine the rest (Abe) |
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Term
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Definition
Episodic- detailed memories from personal experience
Semantic- memories of general knowledge (facts and concepts) |
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Term
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Definition
| converting external info into code that brain can understand |
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Term
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Definition
| encoded data is stored until we need it again |
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Term
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Definition
| getting stored info out of memory |
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Term
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Definition
| knowing about things/facts |
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Term
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Definition
| knowing how to do things, procedures |
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Term
| Multistore Model of Memory |
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Definition
three seperate mental processes interact to store data:
Sensory>Short Term>Long term Memory |
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