Term
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Definition
| unspoken, but shared rules of conduct in a formal or informal group |
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Definition
| tendency to change our perceptions, opinions, or behaviours in ways that are consistent with perceived group norms |
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Definition
| changes in behaviour that are caused by direct request |
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Definition
| behaviour that is produced by the commands of authority |
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Term
| For the experiment where people were to afraid to to ask a question in class, what type of ignorance was displayed (explain) and why it occurs. |
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Definition
| For this experiment, pluralistic ignorance was shown, meaning that each member of the class had the misperception that only they didn't understand concept, but everyone else in class did. |
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Term
| compare/contrast descriptive norms and injective norms(aka prescriptive norms) |
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Definition
| descriptive norms are norms that describe how people behave in a given situation, where as injective norms are norms that describe what people ought to do in a given situation (ie the type of behaviour that is approved of in the situation) |
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Term
| when in a new situation, an individual will look to whom for how to act? |
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Definition
| will look to older or more established members of that group |
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Term
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Definition
| type of norm misperception that occurs when each individual in group privately rejects group's norms, but believes that others accept these norms. People will go along with norm because they falsely assume other's behaviour has different cause (acceptance of behaviour) than ones own (fear of embarrassment) |
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Term
| experiment where people reported fear of rejection to not ask someone out, but put that others weren't interested in them as why they didn't get asked out, is example of what type of ignorance? why? |
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Definition
| example of pluralistic ignorance. falsely assume that others' behaviour was caused by simply not being interested in them- a cause that differed from their own (too embarrassed/shy) |
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Term
| People who deviate from the social norms of a group are viewed how by the members of that group? |
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Definition
| they are not liked. they will be shunned as awkward or hostile. |
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Term
| watching someone else experience rejection leads a person to be more likely to become defiant or leads to greater conformity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two main reasons we conform? (name the two types of influence) breif. |
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Definition
| Informational influence and normative influence |
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Term
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Definition
| the influence that produces conformity when a person believes that others are correct in their judgments and the person wants to be right |
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Definition
| when people rethink their original views, and potentially change their minds to match what the group thinks |
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Term
very brief description of auokinetic experiment.
it showed what type of influence and what type of conformity? |
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Definition
-look at light individ, answers with others vary. look in group, answers converge. when taken away from group, norm stays.
- it showed informational influence and private conformity. |
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Term
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Definition
| influence that produces conformity when a person fears the negative social consequences of appearing deviant |
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Term
very brief description of ach's line experiment.
shows what type of influence and what type of conformity |
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Definition
- when others gave wrong answers, person went along with them
- shows normative influence and public conformity |
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Term
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Definition
| when people's overt behaviours are in line with group norms |
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Term
| briefly list four main factors that increase conformity |
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Definition
| group size, standing alone, demographic variables, and motivation |
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Term
| group size is much more effective at increasing conformity when what type of influence is used? |
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Definition
| normative influence rather than informational influence |
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Term
| does group size influence willingness to express minority opinion? |
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Definition
| Yes, bigger the majority, longer delay before expressing minority opinion. |
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Term
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Definition
| those who we are close to have more impact on us than people who are more distant |
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Term
| do we conform more to those who are powerful and vocal, or to groups that appear attractive to us? |
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Definition
| trick question. we are more likely to conform to both. muahah. |
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Term
| biggest predictor of conformity |
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Definition
| whether participant must take lone deviant position |
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Term
when group appear unanimous, conformity is?
when someone in group breaks unanimity, conformity is? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| varying characteristics of an individual, sample group or population. |
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Term
| are people more or less likely to conform on harder tasks? |
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Definition
| are more likely, since they feel less sure about answers |
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Term
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Definition
| process in which small number of people in a group lead to an overall change in the group's attitude or behaviour |
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Term
following questions are majority vrs. minority
which leads to conversion?
which leads to unconscious levels of influence? |
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Definition
| both answers are minority |
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Term
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Definition
| genuine change in belief versus just conforming |
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Term
| 4 main factors that lead to compliance |
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Definition
reciprocity
consistency and commitment
scarcity
consequences of compliance |
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Term
| does having aspects similar to person asking favour make you more likely to comply? |
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Definition
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Term
reciprocity
- 3 interactions it applies to
- breifly describe two main techniques |
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Definition
mutual exchange between two people
- 3 interactions: pro-social behaviour (help those that've helped us), self disclosure (disclose to those who've revealed to us) and cooperation/competition (we coperate with those that coperate with us, and compete with those who compete with us.
- two main techniques: door in face, that's not all |
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Term
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Definition
| compliance technique where one first asks for a big request, and then asks for a small request which then seems more reasonable |
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Term
| experiment of of first asking to be a counsellor for two years, and then asking if you'll go on a day trip, uses what technique of which factor of compliance? |
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Definition
| uses door in face technique of reciprocity. |
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Term
thats not all technique
- more effective with higher or lower costing items? |
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Definition
compliance technique in which the influencer beings with an inflated request, and then decreases its apparent size by offering discounts or bonuses
-more effective with lower costing items |
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Term
| people more likely to buy cupcakes when told they're on sale, is an example of which technique of which factor of compliance? |
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Definition
| example of that's not all technique of reciprocity technique |
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Term
consistency and commitment
- briefly list two main techniques |
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Definition
people have desire to appear consistent
- foot in door and lowballing |
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Term
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Definition
| two step compliance technique where an influencer firsts asks someone to perform a small request and then asks for a larger request |
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Term
| when people accept pin of charity, and are then more likely to donate, this is an example of what technique of which factor of compliance |
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Definition
| front in door technique of consistency and commitment |
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Term
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Definition
two-step technique in which influencer secures agreement with a request, but then increases size of that request by revealing hiding costs
- the catch: only works when same person makes the request both times because people feel they are obligated to this persons since they've already committed to their earlier request |
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Term
| car dealers who tell you hidden costs of cars after you've picked one you like is an example of which technique of which factor of compliance? |
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Definition
| is an example of the lowballing technique that is part of the consistency and commitment factor |
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Term
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Definition
a compliance technique in which the opportunities to act is limited in terms of the time to act or the number of opportunities.
2 techniques: dead line and hard to get |
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Term
| milgrams shock experiment uses which type of conformity technique? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 similar characteristics shared by real world examples of mass obedience |
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Definition
people uncertain and isolated
mindset of "us versus them" created |
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Term
| 5 factors that make you more likely to resist obedience |
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Definition
1. taking small modest steps in beginning
2. knowing about power and influence
3. being educated
4. having another person who disobeys
5. seeing another authority figure disobey |
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Term
| the rates of conformity on asch's experiment were higher in imdivid or collect cultures? |
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Definition
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Term
| americans vers. brazilians on why they help people |
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Definition
americans - obligation
brazilians - intrinsic desire |
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Term
effect of motivation on conformity
-high vrs. low. |
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Definition
high motivation leads to people rarely conforming on easy tasks and often conforming on difficult tasks
low - 1/3 of people conform regardless of difficulty |
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