Term
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Definition
| scientific study of how people's htoughts, feelings, and behaviour are influenced by the real, imagined or implied presence of others |
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Term
| 6 main areas social psychologists study |
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Definition
- how people expalin their own and other people's behaviour
- how people influence others
- how people connect with other people
- how we think about ourselves
- how we think, feel, and act in the social world
- how our attitudes and behaviour shape the social world (real or imagined)
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Term
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Definition
| how we think about ourselves |
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Definition
| how people work to convey certain images of themselves to others |
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Definition
| how people form impressions of and make inferences about other people and events in the social world |
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Definition
| how we think about the social world, and in particular how we select, interpret, and use information to make judgments about the world |
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Definition
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| the impact of other people's attitudes and behaviours on our thoughts, feelings and behaviour . even just having another person present may have an effect. |
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Definition
process by which people's expectations about a person leads them to elicit behaviour that confirms these expectations.
ie how someone's expectations about a person's traits will influence how they act towards them. these actions will elicit the expected behaviour, and therefor people's beliefs are confirmed. |
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Term
behaviourism
- view on thoughts and feelings |
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Definition
| theory of learning that describes people's behaviour as acquired through conditioning. only focus on measurable phenomena in order to be scientific. thoughts and feelings viewed as immeasurable. |
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Gestalt Psychology
- how it compares with behaviourism |
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Definition
| theory that objects are viewed holistically. studies people's perceptions of objects and events. studies whole object and how it appears in people's mind vrs. looking at specific objective parts of objects. in sharp contrast to behaviourism. |
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Term
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Definition
| studies individual's strength and virtues. interventions designed to improve well being. focus on life satisfaction. |
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Term
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Definition
tendency to see given outcome as inevitable once actual outcome is known.
example: if told that scientifically proven that "out of sight = out of mind", people would believe it. but, would have had exact same level of belief if they were told that "absence makes the heart grow founder". |
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Personality Psychology
-contrast with social psychologist |
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Definition
how aspects of people's personality makes them different from other people.
personality psychologists will emphasize how a person's individual differences influence their attitudes or behaviours, while social psychologists emphasize the role of the situation. |
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Term
contrast how individualistic cultures and collectivistic cultures explain behaviour.
example: road rage |
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Definition
individualistic: emphasis on personality. example, they must be an angry person.
collectivist: emphasis on situation. example, they must be in a big hurry. maybe late for work. |
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Term
clinical psychology
-how does it connect with social psychology |
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Definition
diagnosis of mental health problems.
social psych looks at aspect of enviro that could possible contribute to mental state. |
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Term
cognitive psychology
- social cognitive perspective |
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Definition
examines mental processes such as thinking, learning and reasoning.
social cognitive perspective is a combination of social psych and cogn. pscy. studies how we think about ourselves and the social world. how we make judgments and decisions about our social environment. |
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Term
| compare/contrast and discuss relation between philosophy and social psych. |
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Definition
| philosophers use analytical methods such as logic where as psychologists use empirical and scientific methods. philosophical conclusions might be basis for hypothesis that social psychologist can test. |
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Term
sociology
- compare/contrast sociology to social psych. |
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Definition
examines general rules and theories about groups.
while sociologists focus on broad group-level values, social psychologists focus on how individuals behave in groups, and how one's group or culture can influence one's behaviour. |
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Term
Biology
- evolutionary biology
- social neuroscience |
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Definition
biology examines structure, function, growth, origin and evolution of living things.
evolutionary biology studies how biological factors influence people's behaviour.
social neuroscience is a sub discipline of social psych which looks at how factors in the social world influence activity in the brain, as well as how neural processes influence attitude and behaviour. |
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Term
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Definition
| role of culture in influencing people's attitudes and behaviours |
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Term
economics
- behavioural economics |
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Definition
how people make trade-offs between scarce resources and how they choose between various alternatives.
behavioural economics is the study of how social, cognitive, and emotional factors influence economic decisions. |
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Term
| sociocultural perspective |
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Definition
| describes people's behaviour and mental processes as being shaped in part by their social and or cultural context. |
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Term
give brief compare/contrast of individualistic and collectivistic cultures.
-include how they view the self and what leads to behaviour. |
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Definition
individualistic cultures view self as distinct, and endowed with unique attributes. behaviour caused by personality traits.
collectivists: view self as part of larger social network including family, friends and co-workers. behaviour influenced by group and scenarios. |
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Term
social constructionism
- soft social constructionism |
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Definition
view that there is no absolute reality and that our knowledge and what we understand to be reality are socially constructed. i.e. what is real to tibetan monk might not be "real" to american businessman.
soft social constructionism acknowledges that some psychological phenomena can be tested using a scientific approach, even though some of our reality is socially constructed. |
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