Term
| Schizophrenia: Diagnostic Criteria: |
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Definition
- 2 of 5 “for a significant portion of time” during a 1 month period:
-delusions of persecution,hallucinations,disorganized speech
-disorganized speech
-not very motivated; may give up on personal hygiene, not take care of themselves; |
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Term
| How do schizo's respond to other people |
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Definition
-pis a lot of latency b/w asking them a question and getting a response
-difficulty obtaining a job and maintaining social relationships |
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Term
| How do the symptoms persist? |
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Definition
| over course of 6 month period, symptoms may be active for maybe 1 month and then they decreased |
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Term
| What kind of delusions do schizo's get? |
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Definition
-persecutory
-jeolousy -guiolt n
-thought broadcasting
-grandeur
-thought insertion
-religious
- thought withdrawal
-somatic
-delusions of reference
-delusions of being controlled
-delusions of mind reading |
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Term
| Types of Hallucinations in Schizo's |
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Definition
-visual
-somatic-tactile
-olfactory
-auditory |
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Term
| What emperical evidence supports the theory that schizo's hallucinations are in fact not hearing the voices of others, but are listening to their own thoughts or their own voices and cannot recognize the difference? |
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Definition
| Because they have more activity in the Broca's are which is responsible for speech production meaning taht they are thinking of speaking and they just cant distinguish the difference. |
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Term
| Negative Symptoms, what does that mean? |
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Definition
| absence or insufficiency of normal behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| not being responsive in emotional way; no eye contact |
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Term
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Definition
| the relative absence of speech; answer to questions w/ very brief replies |
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Term
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Definition
| not having interest in others; very withdrawn; presumed lack of pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
neg symtom for schizo!
-not wanting to do anything; no motivation; the inability to initiate and persist in activities; not even interested in maintaining personal hygiene |
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Term
| What is a positive symptom? what are some in schizos? |
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Definition
Thought Disorder
-Derailment: abruptly change the topic of conversation
-tangentiality: when ppl don’t really answer the question they are asked,
-incoherence
-illogicality
-circumstantiality
-clanging
-pressure of speech
-distractible speech |
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Term
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Definition
-*in a small proportion, pts. responded to tx and that was it; it turned out not to be the chronic course, ~20%
-one episode only, no impairment
-several episodes w/ minimal or no impairment, ~ 35%
-*impairment after the first episode w/ subsequent exaberation and no return to normality, ~ 8%
-impairment increased w/ each of several episodes and no return to normality,
~ 35% |
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Term
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Definition
men 18-25
Women 25-35
-which means that the disorder will affect around 1% of the population at some point |
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Term
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Definition
| was thought to come on slowly, without any obvious stressful event as trigger, leaving a person withdrawn and apparently emotionless believed to be physiologically based and to have a poor prognosis |
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Term
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Definition
| -was thought to be a response to an extremely stressful situations, coming on suddenly and producing behavior that was highly social, volatile, and intense. thought to be related to stress and have a good outcome |
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Term
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Definition
research suggests that children who later develop schizophrenia show some abnormal signs before they display the characteristic symptoms.
-their emotional reactions may be abnormal, with less positive and more negative affect that their unaffected siblings |
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Term
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Definition
it may be that brain damage very early in the developmental period causes later schizophrenia.
-enlarged lateral ventricles (observed more often in men than in women) indicate that adjacent parts of the brain have either not developed fully or have atrophied, thus allowing the ventricles to become larger.
-widened cortical sulci
-decreased temporal lobe volume
-decreased activity in prefrontal cortex (hypofrontality) |
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Term
| Cultural Factors in Schizo's |
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Definition
| schizophrenia is universal, affecting all racial and cultural groups studied so far. |
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Term
| Cultural Bias in minority cultures: |
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Definition
| it is suggested that ppl from devalued ethnic minority groups (Afro-Caribbean in England, and African Americans and Puerto Ricans in the U.S., may be victims of bias and stereotyping. |
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Term
| Neuropsychological Findings |
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Definition
- Bellack, Gearon, & Blanchard (2000):
o Deficits in attention, memory, abstract reasoning
oDeficits in ability to integrate situational context or previous experience into ongoing processes (executive functions) |
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Term
| How does gentics play a factor in Shizos |
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Definition
-as your genetic makeup is more similar to someone w/ schizo, then most likely increase possibility of you getting schizo.
--no one gene is responsible for schizophrenia, rather, multiple genes combine to produce vulnerability. |
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Term
| what was revealed amongs families of Schizo's? |
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Definition
-severity of the parent’s disorder influence the likelihood of the child’s having schizophrenia the more severe the parent’s schizophrenia, the more likely the children were to develop it also.
all forms of schizophrenia (e.g., catatonic, paranoid) were seen among families
-you may inherit a general predisposition for schizophrenia that manifests in the same form or differently from that of your parent |
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Term
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Definition
-if your parent is the twin w/ schizophrenia, you have about a 17% chance of having schizophrenia yourself;
-fraternal (dizygotic) twin: again, if your parent is the twin w/ schizophrenia, you have about a 17% chance of having schizo, yourself.
However, if your parent does not have schizophrenia, but your parent’s fraternal twin does, your risk is only about 2%. |
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Term
| Neurobiological Influences: Schizos with antagonist effect |
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Definition
| Antagonistic effects: slow down or stop messages from being transmitted by preventing the release of the neurotransmitter, blocking the uptake at the level of the dendrite, or causing leaks that reduce the amount of neurotransmitter ultimately released. |
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Term
| Agonistic effects:schizos |
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Definition
| w/ transference of chemical messages and, if extreme, can produce too much neurotransmitter activity by increasing production, or release the neurotransmitter, and by affecting more receptors at the dendrites. |
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Term
| What drug is used to influence the prevelance of the symptoms? |
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Definition
dopamine drug=increase in schizo behavior
drug that decreases dopamine= there is a decrease in dopamine intake |
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Term
| Dopamine theory vs. Clozapine |
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Definition
| Dopamine says that the dopamine system in schizo is to active and induces schizo sypmtoms. Clozapine is not a good antagonist but still works (contradicts) |
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Term
| Theory: Striatal Dopamine |
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Definition
| result of excessive stimulation of these receptors. they control movemnt and balance. Some drugs block these receptors excessivly. |
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Term
| Defieciency in Stimulation of prefrontal DA and D1 receptors (schizo theory) |
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Definition
| they are not stimulated enought and this part is responsible for thinking and thus causes schizo symptoms. |
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Term
| Viral exposure theory: (schizo) |
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Definition
maternal exposure to FLU during 2nd trimester.
-commmon in later months of winter and movement of dermal cells-> fingertips of twins w and w/out schizo. |
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Term
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Definition
| conflicting communications to child or toxic parenting. |
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Term
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Definition
| those that return to families after treatment and families will talk about pt. and pt. will relapse faster. |
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Term
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Definition
| those that return to families after treatment and families will talk about pt. and pt. will relapse faster. |
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Term
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Definition
| life stress will onset in some cases |
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Term
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Definition
more common in lower than higher soicial classes
-fathers and brothers of schizo are not over represented in lower classes
-downward drift hypothesis: pts wi schizo cant hold jobs, lower in class |
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Term
| What conventional drug is used for schizos? |
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Definition
| Chloropromazine: bklocks tghe sympptoms of schixo's by occuying dopamine in D2 receptors and fosters symptoms of schizo's. |
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Term
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Definition
| Clozapine, Risperidone, Olanzapine =reduce postitive symptoms/ better for neg symptoms and cong probelms than antipsychotics. |
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Term
| Conventional vs. Atypical |
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Definition
| There is not difference they both are aboaut the same. |
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Term
| NOncompliance w/ Meds causes |
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Definition
7% dont take their meds to compliance.
negative side effects such as burred vission and motor difficulties ( akinesai-expressionless face)
tardive dyskinesia- involuntary movements. |
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Term
| NOncompliance w/ Meds causes |
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Definition
7% dont take their meds to compliance.
negative side effects such as burred vission and motor difficulties ( akinesai-expressionless face)
tardive dyskinesia- involuntary movements. |
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Term
| NOncompliance w/ Meds causes |
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Definition
7% dont take their meds to compliance.
negative side effects such as burred vission and motor difficulties ( akinesai-expressionless face)
tardive dyskinesia- involuntary movements. |
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Term
| NOncompliance w/ Meds causes |
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Definition
7% dont take their meds to compliance.
negative side effects such as burred vission and motor difficulties ( akinesai-expressionless face)
tardive dyskinesia- involuntary movements. |
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Term
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Definition
| help the social aspect of schizos. good support for family treatments/assertive is also effective/social competence improves/ cocational treatment sappropriate for thsoe who want to work/ CBT for ppl with psychotic symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
Relapse: 24%
Duration of succes: 9 months
Notes: Lack of research testing community settings. |
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Term
| Assertive Case Management: |
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Definition
| delivers service for immediate needs/main goal is to prevent rehospitalizaiton not rehabilitation |
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Term
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Definition
| train capabilites for effective social performance. |
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Term
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Definition
less than 20% have reg. community job
help mantain jobs
goal is permanet placement |
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