Term
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Definition
violation of rules and expectancies
- excess or insufficiency
- norm violation
- developmental inappropriateness
- maladaptiveness
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- comorbidity:
- epidemiology
- developmental trajectories
- etiology
- treatment and prevention
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Term
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Definition
| what psychological problems or disorder typically co-occur with each major disorder? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the prevalence of each major disorder in the population and what factors influence this prevalence? |
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Term
| Developmental Trajectories |
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Definition
How does each disorder develop over time, and what are its consequences for immediate and long-term development?
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Term
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Definition
What are the origins and causes of each disorder?
Developmental Pathways
- Multifinality
- Equifinaltiy
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Term
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Definition
| Similar early experiences lead to different outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
| Different Factors lead to a similar outcome |
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Term
| Developmental Psychopathology |
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Definition
| an approach to describing and studying disorders of childhood, adolescence, and beyond in a manner that emphasizes the importance of developmental processes and tasks |
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Term
Developmental Psychopathology
(Age 0-2) |
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Definition
- Normal Achievements: Eating Sleeping
- Common Behaviors: Stubbornness temper, toileting difficulties
- Clinical Disorders: mental retardation, feeding disorders, autistic disorder
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Term
Developmental Psychopathology
(Ages 2-5) |
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Definition
- Normal Achievements: Language toileting, self- care skills, self-control, peer relationships
- Common Behavior Problems: Arguing, demanding attention, disobedience, fears, overactivity, resisting bedtime
- Clinical Disorder: Speech and language disorders, problems stemming from child abuse and neglect, some anxiety disorders, such as phobias.
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Term
Developmental Psychopathology
(Ages 6-11) |
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Definition
- Normal Achievements: Academic skills and rules, rule-governed games, simple responsibilities
- Common Behavior Problems: Arguing, inability to concentrated, self-consciousness, showing off.
- Clinical Disorders: ADHD, learning disorders, school refusal behavior, conduct problems
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Term
Developmental Psychopathology
(Ages 12-20)
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Definition
- Normal Achievements: Relations with opposite sex, personal identity, separation from family, increased responsibilities
- Common Behavior Problems: Arguing, bragging
- Clinical Disorders: Anorexia, bulimia, delinquency, suicide attempts, drug and alcohol abuse, schizophrenia, depression
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Term
Developmental Psychopathology:
The Macroparadigm |
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Definition
| Biological <--> Behavioral <--> Cognitive <--> Emotional <--> Evolutionary <--> Family Systems |
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Term
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Definition
- Multiple determinations- abnormal developments is multiple determinations
- transactional view- the child and the environment are interdependent and interact dynamically (called the "transactional" or "relational" view)
- continuities and discontinuities - abnormal development involves continuities and discontinuities with both quantitative and qualitative changes in patterns of behavior over time
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Term
| Biological Perspectives: Neurobiology |
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Definition
- A neurobiological perspective considers brain and nervous system functions as underlying causes of psychological disorders.
- Neural Plasticity and the Role of Experience
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Term
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Definition
(Makes you calm)
- Reduces arousal and moderates emotional responses, such as anger, hostility, and aggression.
- For: Anxiety Disorder
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Term
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Definition
- May act as a switch that turns on various brain circuits, allowing other neurotransmitters to inhibit or facilitate emotions or behavior
- For: Schizophrenia, Mood disorders, attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
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Term
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Definition
- Facilitates or controls emergency reactions and alarm responses
- Plays a role in emotional and behavioral regulation
- For: Not directly involved in specific disorders (Acts generally to regulate or modulate behavioral tendencies)
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Term
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Definition
- Plays a role in information and motor coordination
- Inhibits children's tendency to explore their surroundings
- Moderates and Regulates a number of critical behaviors, such as eating, sleeping , and expressing behavior
- For: Regulatory Problems, such as eating and sleep disorders; OCD; Schizophrenia and mood disorders
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Term
| Biological Perspectives: Genetic Infulences |
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Definition
- Chromosomes contain DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which houses functional segments called genes
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Term
| Biological Perspectives: Genetic Influences |
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Definition
| Molecular genetics investigates the association between genes and an observable trait. |
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Term
| Biological Perspectives: Genetic Infulences |
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Definition
| Behavioral genetics investigates the interplay between genes and the environment in the expression of an observable trait. |
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Term
| Psychological Perspectives: Emotional Influences |
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Definition
| Reactivity and regulation- children may have difficulties in emotion reactivity or emotion regulation |
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Term
| Psychological Perspectives: Emotional Infuences |
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Definition
| Temperament- temperament shapes the child's approach to the environment and vise versa |
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Term
| Psychological Perspectives: Emotional Influences |
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Definition
Behavioral Regular- Behavioral Activation System (BAS; reward system)
Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS; punishment system) |
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Term
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Definition
| "Office Altoids" - give an altoid every time they hear a bell, for a while, then eventually when they hear the bell, they will automatically expect an altoid. |
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Term
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Definition
| increase wanted behavior and decrease unwanted behavior, only when you reward wanted behavior and punish unwanted behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| kids learn by direct teaching and a lot of learning by observation |
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Term
| T/F: Approaches to cognition focus on how we process information and think about the world |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Learning and Cognition are not intertwined |
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Definition
| FALSE: Learning and Cognition are intertwined |
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Term
| Psychological Perspectives: Socioculture Context |
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Definition
- Parents
- Peers
- Schools
- Society
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Term
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Definition
| secure, avoidant, resistant, disorganized |
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Term
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Definition
| authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, neglectful |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which the research findings actually measures the construct of interests |
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Term
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Definition
| reflects how much a particular variable, rather than extraneous influences, accounts for the results, changes, or group differences; a person |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the degree to which findings can be generalized, or extended to people, settings, time, measures, and characteristics other than the ones in a particular study; off population |
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Term
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Definition
| findings equals the consistency of a measure either across raters or time. |
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Term
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Definition
| various people agree on what they see |
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Term
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Definition
| the results need to be stable over time |
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Term
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Definition
| measures how well your instrument identifies people with abnormal behavior problems |
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Term
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Definition
| measures how well your instruments identifies only people with the abnormal behavior problems |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which a variable accounts for the relation between two other variables |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which a variable changes the direction or strength of the relations between two others variables |
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Term
| Short time effects of Exposure to Violence |
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Definition
| mood disorders, anxiety disorders, behavioral disorders health problems, sleep problems, academic problems, (generally non specific with a few exceptions) |
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Term
| Long-term Effects of Exposure to Violence |
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Definition
| ongoing mental health issues, increased likelihood of criminal behavior, perpetuating cycle of violence (though not a given) |
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Term
| Stress diathesis model of Depression |
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Definition
| a predisposition to increased stress response following a stressor plays a role in the initiation or and relapse of depression in some cases |
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Term
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Definition
| nurture it properly, then you will get a gorgeous beautiful long lasting bloom |
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Term
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Definition
| Survive no matter the circumstance |
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Term
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Definition
| adaptive phenotype plasticity, enables children to bio children to their behavior of their environment |
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Term
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Definition
| individual characteristics which place children at risk of developing poorly in light of adverse experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| very reactive, little ability to catch themselves |
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Term
Stronger effects for ____ children than for ____ children
A. non-vulnerable, vulnerable
B. vulnerable, non-vulnerable |
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Definition
| B. vulnerable, non-vulnerable |
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