Term
| Other names for 'Brain and Behavior' |
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Definition
| psychobiology, biopsychology, behavioral neuroscience, psysiologival psychology. |
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Term
| Sub-Areas within behavioral neuroscience |
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Definition
- Psychopharmacology, studies drugs and behavior
- Psychoneuroendocrinology, studies hormones and behavior
- Psychoneuroimmunology, studies immune system and environment and behavior
- Cognitive Neuroscience, studies looking at how brain works |
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Term
| Two extreme views on the mind |
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Definition
1) Dualism- mind and body (brain) are separate
2) Monism- mind and body (brain) are same; reality consists of unified whole |
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Term
Brain parts (labeled pic) [image] |
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Definition
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Term
| neurons- 3 components (list 3) |
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Definition
1) cell body or soma
2) Dendrites
3) Axoms |
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Term
Neurons-
cell body or soma |
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Definition
| contains genetic material, provides nutrients, |
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Term
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Definition
| Primarily responsible for receiving info from adjacent neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| Primarily important for conveying info from one neuron to the next |
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Term
| 3 primary types of neurons |
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Definition
1) motor neurons- efferent, carry info from CNS
2) sensory neurons- afferent, carry info toward CNS
3) interneurons- carry info within regions |
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Term
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Definition
- 10 to 100X the number of neurons
- provide imp supportive role |
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Term
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Definition
* providing nutrients to neurons- neurotrophic factors
* provide support for neurons- myelin sheaths
* play a role in response to neuronal injury- astrocytes
* play a role in brain development- radial glia |
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Term
| 2 divisions of the nervous system |
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Definition
1) CNS – Central Nervous System
2) PNS – Peripheral Nervous System |
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Term
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Definition
- invoulantary
- role in emotional stress
- fight or "flight" |
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Term
| Parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| Maintain homeostasis, energy restoration |
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Term
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Definition
- conveys sensory info to the CNS and motor commands from the CNS to the muscles
- 31 pairs of spinal nerves
- voulantary
- sensory nerves |
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Term
| Several axons running together are a _____ (when outside the brain) or a _____ (when inside the brain) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
BUNDLE OF AXONS OUTSIDE THE CNS
- 31 pairs of spinal nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| carries information from sensory receptors in skin to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| carries information from the brain to the neurons controlling leg muscle, causing a response |
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Term
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Definition
- afferent
- dorsal roots; dorsal root ganglion |
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Term
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Definition
- ventral; cell bodies in ventral horn
- efferents |
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Term
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Definition
- cervical spine
- thoracic spine
- lumbar spine |
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Term
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Definition
Importance of the location of injury in spinal cord
in understanding the type and extent of damage that
a person with spinal cord injury will have |
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Term
| Spine damage (colored pic) |
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Definition
- Cervical (shoulders, arms)
- Thoracic (torsoe, inside of arms, excluding shoulders)
- Lumbar (lowerback, hips, front of legs)
- Sacral (butt, back of legs, front of head) |
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Term
| Cristopher and Dana Reeve Foundation |
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Definition
- brought to the attention of many the need for research in spinal cord injury
- strong advocates of stem cell research
- changed our beliefs about spinal cord injury |
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Term
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Definition
- Cranial go directly into brain (rather than spinal cord)
- Cranial can be sensory, motor or both |
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Term
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Definition
- Skull
- CSF-cerebrospinal fluid
- meninges
- blood brain barrier |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Butterfly shaped
- Contains cell bodies |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bundle of axons inside the CNS |
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Term
| 3 main divisions of brain |
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Definition
| hindbrain; midbrain; forebrain |
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Term
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Definition
- medulla
- pons
- cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
- Sensory information
- movement; substantia nigra |
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Term
| What might you look at to determine intelligence of species? |
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Definition
| - folds in brain (Humans, Dolphins, chimpanzee) |
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Term
4 lobes of cerebral cortex-
frontal |
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Definition
Motor function
- Prefrontal – higher “executive function" |
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Term
4 lobes of cerebral cortex-
parietal |
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Definition
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Term
4 lobes of cerebral cortex-
temporal |
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Definition
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Term
4 lobes of cerebral cortex-
occipital |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sends commands to muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| Sends coordinated commands to primary cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| parietal, temporal, and occipital |
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Term
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Definition
| Receives sensory input from that sensory system |
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Term
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Definition
| Interprets the input (info) that comes in from the sensory neurons |
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Term
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Definition
important relay for sensory and motor information
- has tremendous projections of neurons across many regions of the cerebral cortex |
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Term
subcortical structures-
hypothalamus |
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Definition
- 4 F’s – feeding, fleeing, fighting and copulating
- hypothalamus contains many nuclei (collections of cell bodies in CNS)
- thirst and drinking |
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Term
subcortical structures-
limbic system |
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Definition
- number of structures important in emotion
- limbic system also includes the hippocampus – important for learning and memory! |
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Term
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Definition
| important for learning and memory! |
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Term
subcortical structures-
basal ganglia |
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Definition
| important in Parkinsons Disease |
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Term
subcortical structures-
corpus callosum |
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Definition
sole purpose of the corpus callosum is to serve as a “bridge” between left and right hemispheres.
- contains millions and millions of axons
- allows left and right side of brain to know what each other is doing! |
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Term
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Definition
- important for reward circuits
- implicated in a variety of disease states including schizophrenia and Parkinsons disease |
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Term
Monoamines-
norepinephrine (NE) |
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Definition
- important for arousal
- altered activity implicated in depression |
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Term
Monoamines-
serotonin (5HT) |
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Definition
| - implicated in a variety of behaviors including aggression, anxiety, depression |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Peptides-
endorphins and enkephalins (endogenous opiates) |
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Definition
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Term
amino acids (tiny neurotransmitters)-
glutamate |
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Definition
ALWAYS EXCITATORY (IE always causes EPSPs)
- need to have the RIGHT amount of excitation – too much or too little is very problematic for the brain! |
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Term
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Definition
- ALWAYS inhibitory ( always causes IPSPs)
- critical NT to maintain normal activity in CNS
- anticonvulsants usually enhance GABA activity
- anticonvulsants that increase GABA function are now being used to treat bipolar disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| mimics the neurotransmitter’s effect |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks the neurotransmitter’s effect |
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Term
| acting like a receptor agonist |
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Definition
nicotine
- ionotropic
- potent poison |
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Term
| acting like a receptor antagonist |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
found in CNS and PNS
-receptor subtypes
-nicotinic and muscarinic |
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