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| People are predisposed to perceive the world in different ways |
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| Activation of a concept or idea by repeatedly perceiving it or thinking about it |
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| The tendency of an idea or concept to come easily to mind. |
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| People are especially aware of suggestions of impending rejection. Affects interpretation of ambiguous signals |
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| Related to the tendency to perceive others as having hostile intentions or as a threat |
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| Screening out information that might make the individual anxious or uncomfortable |
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| Adaptive functions of the ego that protect the individual from excessive anxiety. May be an individual difference. |
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| Whatever the individual has in mind at the moment |
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| where consciousness is located |
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Obsessing about something
Often found in depressed people, does not leave them with adequate psychological resources |
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| People can do things without knowing why, know things without knowing that they know, and have thoughts and feelings they do not understand |
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| Contrast the roles of conscious and unconscious thought |
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| Cognitive-experiential self-theory (CEST) |
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Definition
| Seeks to explain unconscious processing and the seemingly irrational, emotion-driven sectors of the mind |
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| Includes language, logic, and systematized, factual knowledge; likely to dominate when a person is calm |
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| Tied closely to emotion & Assumed to be the way the other animals think; likely to dominate when a person is emotional |
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| the ends that one desires |
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| the means used to achieve goals |
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| goals that are unique to the individuals who pursue them |
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| ongoing motivation that persists in the mind until the goal is either attained or abandoned |
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| the efforts put into goals |
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| Properties of idiographic goals |
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Definition
Conscious at least some of the time
Are aimed at fairly specific outcomes
Can change over time
Goals function independently of each other |
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| essential motivations that almost everyone pursues |
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| McClelland’s three primary motivations |
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Definition
| needs for achievement, affiliation, and power |
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| Emmon’s five primary motivations |
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Definition
| enjoyment, self-assertion, esteem, interpersonal success, avoidance of negative affect |
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| work and social interaction |
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| beliefs that personal qualities are unchangeable |
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| beliefs that personal qualities can change with time and experience |
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| assume the worst will happen, and use this to motivate goal-seeking behavior |
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| Emotional experience - Basic stages |
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Definition
| appraisal, physical responses, facial expressions, nonverbal behavior, motives |
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| a risk factor for bad outcomes; the intensity in which you experience positive or negative emotions. |
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| accurately perceiving emotions in oneself and others and controlling and regulating one’s own emotions |
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| Emotion: Happiness - Three components |
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Definition
Overall satisfaction with life
Satisfaction with particular life domains
Generally high levels of positive emotion and low levels of negative emotion |
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Term
| Emotion: Happiness - Three sources |
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Definition
Individual set point
Objective life circumstances
What the individual does (intentional activity) |
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