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| philosophy that studies the essence of human nature. The emphasis is on freedom, individuality, and phenomenological experience; the quest for rationality and immortality as futile. |
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| study of conscious experience as it exists for the person without any attempt to reduce, divide, or compartmentalize in any way-the study of the conscious mind of the "given" of the immediate experience |
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| study of being. Within existentialism, ontology analysis is directed at understanding the essence of humans in general and of individuals in particular. |
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| being in the world; Emphasis is on an individuals existence at a certain certain time under certain circumstances. |
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umwelt: physical aspects of the internal and external environments
mitwelt: the realm of interpersonal relationships
Eignwelt: a person's consciousness |
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| capacity of humans to see themselves as objects to which thing happens and as subjects who acton their experiences and thereby give them meaning |
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| what is the human potential? |
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| what is the ground of existence? |
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| throwness; facticity; the facts that characterize a person's existence over which he/she has no control. |
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| anxiety that results from the revisions of one's value system and from the awareness of one's inevitable death. To grow as a person requires taking risks which causes normal anxiety |
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| anxiety that results from not being able to deal adequately with normal anxiety; this person is cut off from his or her potentialities |
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| feeling experienced when one recognizes the difference between what one is and what one could be. Because we can always can be more than what we are, normal guilt is unavoidable. |
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| If normal guilt is not recognized and dealt with constructively, it can overwhelm a person, causing him or her to block out the very experiences conductive to personal growth |
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| potential for the divine (creative) and diabolical (evil or harm). Any natural function, that in moderation is positive, which has the power to take over the whole person and cause harm-continuing potential for cruel, irrational, and inhumane behavior |
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| what are the types of love? |
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| sex, eros, philia, and agape |
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| biological aspect of love; requires only sexual activity with a partner. In such cases, the partner becomes the object by which the need for sex is satisfied. |
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| desire to form a union with or to feel at one with one's partner in love. Through the sharing of two selves, both experience new things and both expand their consciousness. With eros, the goal is to prolong the loving experience as long as possible |
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| experience of friendship or companionship with one's loved one even when sex and eros are not involved. Simply liking to be with your loved one. |
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| unselfish giving of one's self in a loving relationship. One loves but expects nothing in return |
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| what are the components of intentionality? |
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the fact that mental events are directed toward objects outside of themselves.
EG: perception always involved the perception of something. It is through intentionality that a relationship between objective and subjective reality is formed. |
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| cognitive exploration of possible courses of action before actually committing oneself to one particular course |
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| research methods and emphases |
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new sciences of humans: freedom, myths, phenomenology, wholeness/uniqueness of each person
psychotherapy: convert neurotic anxiety into normal anxiety and see their destiny differently (similar to kelly) |
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| what is the goal of psychotherapy? |
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| convert neurotic anxiety or guilt to normal anxiety or guilt, which, as we have seen, are part of being human and are necessary for personal growth |
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| what is the importance of myth? |
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| philosophy not psychology, unscientific approach, nebulous terminology |
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| call for human science and important, new way of conceptualizing personality |
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