Term
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Definition
| an individual's unique set of consisten behavioral traits |
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Term
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Definition
| durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations (honest, dependable, anxious, etc.) |
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| 5 factor model of personality traits |
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Definition
extraversion - positive
neuroticism - negative
openness to experience - curious, vivid fantasy
agreeableness - sympathetic, trusting
conscientiousness - disciplined, punctual, organized |
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Term
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Definition
| include all of the diverse theories, descended from the work of Sigmund Freud, that focus on unconscious mental forces |
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| treatment, created by Freud, verbal interaction with patients where he probed deeply into their lives |
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| the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle (eat, sleep - demands immediate gratification of its urges - sexual/agressive |
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Definition
| decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle - considers social realities - tames the id's desires - maturing, learning |
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Definition
| the moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong |
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Definition
| keeping distressing thoughts and feeling buried in the unconscious |
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Definition
| diverting emotional feeling (usually anger) from their original source to a substitue target |
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Definition
| occurs when unconscious, unacceptable impulses are channeled into socially acceptable, perhaps even admirable behaviors |
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Term
| psychodynamic personality theory |
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Definition
| people are driven by unconscious forces (Freud, Jung) |
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Term
| behavioral personality theory |
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Definition
| personality a result of conditioning manifested in observable behavior (Skinner) |
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Term
| humanistic personality theory |
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Definition
| people are free, unique individuals whose personalities can change and grow (Rogers, Maslow) |
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| biological personality theory |
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Definition
| personality/behavior is largely determined by genetics and heredity (Eyesenck) |
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Term
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Definition
| measures "big 5" - asks about thoughts, feelings, behavior ((objective personality test))) |
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Term
| Minnesota multiphasic personality inv (MMPI) |
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Definition
| used to diagnose personality disorders, t/f questions ((objective personality test)) |
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Term
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Definition
| oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage |
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Term
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Definition
kill your father and possess your mother
universal defense mechanism: identification |
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Definition
| fantasy of seduction by the father, imaginary pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
endomorphic - viscerotonic - relaxed sociable, peaceful
mesomorphic - somatotonic - active, assertive, combative
ectomorphic - cerebrotonic - quiet, fragile, restrained |
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Definition
| everyday behavior is impaired, diagnosis of substance use disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| deviates from what their society considers aceptable |
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Definition
| individual's report of great personal distress, met by people who are troubled by depression or anxiety disorders |
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Definition
| the coexistence of two or more disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| fear of going out to public places - open places |
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Term
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Definition
| obsessive-compulsive disorder, marked by persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions) |
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Term
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Definition
| indicates the percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relative who exhibit the same disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity |
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Term
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Definition
| a sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting - single traumatic event; car accident |
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Term
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Definition
| people lose their memory for their entire lives along with their sense of personal identity - but can remember skills like how to drive or do math |
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Term
| Dissociative identity disorder (DID) |
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Definition
| involves the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities (multiple personality disorder) - related to severe emotional childhood trama. not many believe in it |
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Term
| major depressive disorder |
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Definition
| people show persistent feeling of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
| a diminished ability to experience pleasure - a central feature of depression |
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Term
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Definition
| (manic depressive disorder) characterized by the experience of one or more manic episodes as well as periods of depression - seen equally in men and women |
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Term
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Definition
| class of disorders marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and deterioration of adaptive behavior - disturbed thought |
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Definition
| show little emotional responsiveness, or inappropriate emotional responses that don't jibe with the situation |
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Term
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Definition
| marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity |
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Term
| disorganized schizophrenia |
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Definition
| particularly severe deterioration of adaptive behavior is seen - emotional indifference, frequent incoherence, social withdraw |
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Term
| undifferentiated schizophrenia |
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Definition
| cannot be placed into any of the 3 other categories. mixture of symptoms |
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Term
| positive vs. negative symptoms |
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Definition
negative: behavioral deficits, flattened emotions
positive: hallucinations, behavioral excesses, delusions |
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Term
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Definition
| is the degree to which a relative of a patient displays highly critical or emotionally over-involved attitudes toward the patient |
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Term
| diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) |
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Definition
axis 1: clinical syndromes (anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenic disorders
axis 2: personality disorders and mental retardation
axis 3: general medical conditions (diabetes) |
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Term
| Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) |
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Definition
| chronic, excessive anxiety, accompanied by physical symptoms, tension, sweating |
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Term
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Definition
| history of diverse physical complaints that appear to be psychological in origin, often co-exist with anxiety/depression, more common in women |
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Term
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Definition
| significant loss of physical function 9with no apparent organic basis) usually in a single organ system (vision, partial paralysis) |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive preoccupations with health and worrying about developing illness. assuming worst health conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| physical ailments that cannot be explained by organic means |
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Term
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Definition
| talk therapy, to pursue increased insight regarding the nature of the client's difficulties and to sort through possible solutions |
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Term
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Definition
| make direct efforts to alter problematic responses (phobias) and maladaptive habits (drug use) |
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Term
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Definition
| interventions into a person's biological functioning, drug therapy and electroconvulsive (shock) therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| and insight therapy that emphasizes the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives and defenses through techniques such as free association and transference |
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Term
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Definition
| clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feeling exactly as they occur, with littles censorship as possible |
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Term
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Definition
| when clients unconsciously start relating to their therapist in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives |
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Term
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Definition
| a recovery from a disorder that occurs without formal treatment |
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Term
| systematic desensitization |
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Definition
| a behavior therapy used to reduce phobic clients anxiety responses through conter-conditioning , goal is to weaken the association between the conditioned stimulus (bridge) and the conditioned response of anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| (behavior t) clients are confronted with situations that they fear so that they learn that these situations are harmless |
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Term
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Definition
| a behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits and undesirable response - (give alcoholics an emetic drug - causes nausea - they don't want to drink) |
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Term
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Definition
| physiological interventions intended to reduce symptoms associated with psychological disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment of mental disorders with medication |
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Term
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Definition
| relive tension, apprehension, nervousness. Valium, Xanex (tranquilizers) cause drowsiness - depression/confusion |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment of schizophrenia, used to gradually reduce symptoms. cause drowsiness, and some parkinson's disease symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of a depression, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorders |
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Term
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) |
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Definition
| biomedical treatment in which electric shock is used to produce and cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions - primarily used to depression |
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Term
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Definition
| Albert Ellis - change how clients think, remove negative beliefs/thought process, rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT), recognize negative thoughts and test them |
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Term
| transcranical magnetic stimulation (TMS) |
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Definition
| using magnets to enhance or depress certain areas of the brain |
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Term
| chlorpromazine (thorazine) |
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Definition
| blocks dopamine receptors (schizophrenia) |
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Term
| fluoxetine (prozac, paxil) |
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Definition
| blocks reuptake of serotonin (depression) |
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Term
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Definition
| affects GABA receptor (anxiety) |
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Term
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Definition
| enhances norepineprine reuptake (mood) |
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Term
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Definition
| stopped trying after one failed attempt - losing the will to try |
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Term
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Definition
| developmental periods with a characteristic sexual focus that leave their mark on adult personality |
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Term
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Definition
| a failure to move forward from one stage to another as expected |
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Term
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Definition
| 0-1, mouth focus, weaning from breast to bottle, fixation at this stage could form the basis for obsessive eating or smoking later in life |
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Term
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Definition
| 2-3, anus, toilet training, fixation could evolve into anxiety about sexual activities later in life |
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Term
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Definition
| 4-5, genitals, identifying with adult role modelsm coping with oedipal crisis |
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Term
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Definition
| children manifest erotically tinged desires for their opposite sex parent, accompanied by feeling of hostility toward their same-sex parent |
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