Term
Lecture 1:
What was psychology's 3 missions before WWII? |
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Definition
cure illness
make all people's lives more fulfilling
identify and nurture talent |
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Term
| What was psychology's missions after WWII? |
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Definition
veteran's administration founded-- treating disorder as a mental model
-NIMH created--people who did research now had a place to get grant money but had to be studying some kind of mental disorder |
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| What has psychology been like in the last 60 years? |
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Definition
human problems and suffering were the focus
-great studies in classifying and treating disorder and diseases (DSM) |
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| What does psychology view humans as? |
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Definition
fragile or flawed
- expresses how bad genes apply to psychological functioning
-labels people if you overcome something you're a survivor but if you dont you're a victim of the environment |
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Term
| Why did Seligman coin the term learned helplessness? |
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Definition
- to correct the imbalance-- because so much research has been on neutral prophecies, he wanted to correct the imbalance to have more positive topics back in the mix
-challange the disease model--people are victims of the environment and fragile and know how to dix them once theyve been harmed by the model
-demarginzalizes people who study those topics |
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Term
| What is NOT positive psychology? |
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Definition
- focused only on happiness
-oblivious to human suffering and problems
-prescriptive
-what you see in pop psych aisle |
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Term
| what is positive psychology? |
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Definition
- the study of the conditions and processes that contribute to the flourishing or optimal functioning of people, groups, and institutions
- finding an empirical bases for underlying these issues-- designing good studies using really good methods
- it is empirical, data-heavy, and descriptive |
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Term
Lecture 2:
What are 3 terms related to well being? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
general responses to an object, usually its evaluation if the thing is bad or good for you and what autonomic arousal will the stimulus give you
- valence: good or bad
- autonomic arousal (high or low) |
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Term
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Definition
- suite of reactions to an object: cognitive evaluations, psychic changes, subjective changes, and behavior (or impulses towards a behavior)
- purpose, reason, when you fear
- gets you ready for fight or flight |
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Term
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Definition
| general emotional feelings unconnected to a specific object? |
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Term
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Definition
considers pleasure (of mind and body) as the sole good worth pursuing
-pleasure or the absence of pain
-that this in itself then you will be well |
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Definition
- considers expressing virtue as the good worth pursuing, reaching the best within us, expressing the true self
-virtue: idea of living a meaningful life |
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Term
| What is the distinction of hedonia-eudomonia? |
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Definition
- how well being is conceptualized
-how different activities in which we engage are experienced
-the different motives or goals people pursuie |
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Term
| What are the differing views of well being? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between hedonic and eudemonic? |
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Definition
hedonic: seeking pleasure, avoiding pain, person defines--its subjective, bottom up
eudemonic: say they are living within true self and people have specific needs that need to be met in order for them to be well, researcher defines, objective criteria of well being, top down |
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Term
| What is Carol Ryff's 6 components of psychological well being (eudemonic)? |
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Definition
-Self Acceptance: positive attitude towards self, have qualities that are worthwhile
-Personal Growth: feelings of continued development
-Purpose in Life: having goals, sense of direction
-Environmental Mastery: feeling competent and able to manage environment
-Autonomy: self-determined
-Positive relations with others: have warm, satisfying relationship with others
*All 6 components are important to have good psychological well being
*Theoretically derived criteria |
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Term
| What are Corey Key's 4 Social Well Beings? (eudemonia) |
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Definition
-Social acceptance:Positive attitudes toward people—people in general are okay.
-Social actualization: Society is evolving positively
-Social Contribution: You are of value to society
-Social Integration: Feel part of community |
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Term
| What is Ed Deiner's subjective well being? (Hedonic) |
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Definition
-evaluation of one's current status (often referred to as happiness in the media)
-the only useful meaning of well-being is to ask people if they're well |
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Term
| What are the 2 components of subjective well being according to Ed Diener? |
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Definition
- positive affect minus negative affect
- general life satisfaction
-affect: how much in the last month have you felt...
-satisfaction with life, subjective, life is pretty well compared to other people or other times in your life |
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Term
| What is the attempt to integration, to have emotional, social, and psychological well-being? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of hedonic or eudemonic have more studies and are they correlated? |
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Definition
- more subjective studies
- highly correlated-- .79
- researchers often assume that satisfaction with life or happiness captures "meaning" |
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Term
| Happiness is about the _____ while meaningfulness involves the ______ |
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Definition
- present
- integrating past and future |
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Term
| What different things are related to meaningfulness? |
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Definition
- concerns with personal identity, expressing self, higher levels of worry, stress, and anxiety (lower happiness)
- shows they are separable and have diff correlates and factors |
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Term
| What are CTRA cells and what are the used for? |
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Definition
- immune cells
- extended period of stress, threat, or uncertainty-- increase of expression of gene involved in inflammation
- decrease of expression of genes involved in antiviral responses and antibody synthesis
- these are the cells that if you were to get a wound, they would help you heal the wound |
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Term
| What are the biological processes underlying health advantages of well being? |
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Definition
- human genome-- system of 21,000 genes evolved to help us survive and thrive
- CTRA cells |
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Term
| What does the CTRA profile show? |
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Definition
| - the biggest predictor besides stress is feeling lonely-- chronic lonliness show CTRA (perception of being alone) |
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Term
Lecture 3:
Do people usually have higher edainomic or hedonic levels? |
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Definition
| - hedonic well being but positive correlation so if higher hedonic, higher euadimonic |
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Term
| What happens when hedonic well being is high but low on eudaimonic? |
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Definition
- associated with threat response
- low antibody expression and high pro-inflammatory response and opposite when high edaimonic well being
-If you have a wound.. you want it to be in tact. If it acts and you don’t have a wound—it takes a toll on your body and health |
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Term
| which of hedonic or euadimonic by itself is a good predictor of health? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is high H have on your body and what does high E have? |
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Definition
High H: higher inflammation, lower antibody
High e: lower inflammation, higher antiviral and antibody |
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Term
| What is Subjective Well Being related to? |
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Definition
- happiness
- high satisfaction with life, cognitive component
-high positive emotions and less negative emotions, emotional component |
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Term
| What age and gender are the most happy? |
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Definition
| - men and women at all ages are the same happiness |
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Term
| What is the correlation between rich vs poor nations with SWB? |
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Definition
In poor countries (India, Bangledash) personal income is moderately correlated with SWB
- wealthier countries personal income and SWB are not related
-as long as you have enough money to survive, once you get beyond that point money doesn't have any correlation with your happiness |
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Term
| what is the correlation between marital status for happiness? |
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Definition
| married adults over time have been more over to say they were happier than adults who have never been married |
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Term
| What did they find in the experiment of recording 30 second clips of students every 12.5 minutes? |
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Definition
-found if your high in well being, you're less likely to be alone and more likely to be talking to others-- uncorrelated with small talk, positively correlated with substantial conversations
- means people are high in subjective well being nbeing are less likely to be alone and more likely to have meaning ful conversations |
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Term
| What is SWB/ happiness positively correlated with? |
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Definition
| - self esteem, personal control, optimism, not having psychological disorder symptoms |
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Term
| How does happiness correlate with the big 5? |
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Definition
| -People who are happy have more extraversion, less neortic, and are more agreeable |
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Term
| How does happiness correlate with religion? |
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Definition
- religiousity and commitment positively associated with happiness
belief in God moderately correlated
-U shape curve, people who are sure either way look similar and people who are uncertain look more unhappy |
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Term
| What do you NOT need to know to predict one's happiness? |
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Definition
| -age, sex, race, income, GPA, physical attractiveness, time spent watching TV |
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Term
| you can get a clue from his/her __ to predict one's happiness? |
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Definition
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Term
| What things predict one's happiness the most? |
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Definition
| social relationship quality, quality--what is most strongly associated as predictor with life satisfaction |
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Term
Lecture 4:
What is the relationship between Culture and SWB? |
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Definition
-countries lower in life satisfaction-collectivistcountry and countries that tend to be around the Mediterranean (Japan)
- one of the things that culture does is dictates and shapes how we view the self |
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Term
| What is Interdependent culture? |
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Definition
| - self is overlapping with friends, family, etc-- strangers are outside but they are very permeable |
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Term
| what is the independent culture? |
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Definition
| self is surrounded by friends and family but not overlapping a little harder for strangers to come in and otut of friend group |
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Term
culture differences in self concept:
Independent view of self |
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Definition
| -defining oneself in terms of one's own internal thoguhts, feelings, actions-- western culture |
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Term
| interdependent view of self |
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Definition
defining oneself in terms of one's relationships with other people and recognition that thoughts, actions, feelings, etc are often dependent on other people
-- asia, africa, central, and south america |
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Term
| What are the mean levels in culture and subjective well being? |
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Definition
•Independent cultures tend to score higher on SWB then Interdependent cultures, especially Asian cultures
•No such things as pure collectivist society but different across different domains
•Active positive affects, like joy, excitement, etc, less emphasized in collectivist cultures, contentment emphasized more
•In Asian cultures, there’s not a discomfort in feeling positive and negative emotions at the same time while in independent cultures there is a discomfort and seems not right
oLot more blended emotions in eastern cultures
•Pride and guilt (self-reflective emotion also differently emphasized) |
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Term
| Is the correlation between affective and cognitive components of SWB lower or higher in interdependent cultures? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are weight heavier in collectivistic and individualistic? |
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Definition
-in collectivistic--social appraisals are weighed heavier
-in individualistic-- affect balance are weighed heavier |
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Term
| What effects how satisfaction is judged? |
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Definition
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Term
| When evaluated life satisfaction how did independent self differ from relational self? |
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Definition
o Independent: social was way less than emotions when rating themselves
o Relational self: emotion and social appraisal was even |
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Term
| how does job and income correlate with happiness? |
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Definition
-job interviews: happier people more likely to be called back for 2nd interview 3 months later
-positive affect at age 18 predicted financial indepndence, job attainment, work autonomy at age 26
- better jobs predicted more happiness too
-happiness leads to better things and better things lead to happiness
-unemployed people with high SWB were more likely to be reemployed than those with low SWB |
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Term
| how do happier people make more money? |
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Definition
experiment measured entering freshman and then 16 years later found out their info on employment and income
-being happy and cheerful had a huge effect on your income |
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Term
| How does happiness effect social relationships? |
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Definition
-happiness predicts likelihood to be married
• Several large panels studies
o Australian study: among unmarried, those high on SWB 2 times more likely to be married 15 years later
o German sample: highly satisfied unmarried more likely to be married 4 years later
• Happiness also predicts relationship quality
o Individual happiness predicted marital satisfaction 6 years later and spouses’ marital satisfaction 1 year later
o Happiness on the job predicted support from supervisors
o Happiness predicted ratings of closeness with all relationship 4 years later
o Happiness predicted time in volunteer work 3 years later
• Shows—people who are happier tend to be more socially integrated later on |
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