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Definition
| refers to the moving force that energizes behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| what influences the direction or goal of motives, persistence towards goals, and vigor of goal-directed behavior |
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Term
| biological needs and psychosocial needs |
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Definition
| what two types of needs can motives reflect |
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Term
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Definition
| what type of motivation involves homeostasis |
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Term
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Definition
| allows organisms to live in variable and unpredictable environments |
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Term
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Definition
| maintains body temperature, blood glucose, blood volume, body weight, metabolism |
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Definition
| maintenance of "internal milieu" occurs during what |
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Term
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Definition
| maintenance of "internal milieu" requires coordinated changes in both what and what |
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Definition
| refers to the tendency of the body to maintain constancy of the internal environment and your core body temerature is defined |
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| blood sugar levels dip, we eat; core body temperature goes up, we take off a layer of clothes |
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Definition
| what is an example of behavior serving as part of the homeostatic process |
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Term
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Definition
| what does the fact that we are motivated to engage in behavior that promotes survival advantages serve as |
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Term
| evolutionary, behaviorist, and cognitive/psychosocial |
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Definition
| what are the three perspectives on biological motivation |
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Term
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Definition
| biological motivation perspective that argues that motivational systems can contribute to reproductive success |
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Term
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Definition
| a person's/animal's own reproductive success plus that of close relatives |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that according to the evolutionary perspective on biological motivation; evolution selects for animals that minimize their inclusive fitness |
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Term
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Definition
| traits that lead to greater liklihood of survival will be selected over time |
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Term
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Definition
| who developed the theory of evolution |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the basic principle of the theory of evolution |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which a gene (or trait) contributes to survival and subsequent reproduction (basic mechanism of natural selection) |
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Term
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Definition
| diversity in species-it can be adaptive to have an optimal amount of diversity within a species |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that in humans, biology may never be over-ridden by culture or reason |
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Term
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Definition
| applies theory of evolution to social structure. the most likely to survive (fittest) are not necassarily the most successful, rich, intelligent, dominant |
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Definition
| perspective on bilogical motivation that states; behaviors are governed by stimuli in the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| what, according to the behaviorist perspective on biological motivation, reflects a requirement such as food and water |
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Term
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Definition
| what, according to the behaviorist perspective on biological motivation, are states of arousal that accompany an unfulfilled nees such as hunger, thirst, or achievement |
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Term
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Definition
| argues that we behave in order to satisfy needs and reduce drives |
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Term
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Definition
| according to the drive reduction theory, physiological disruptions to homeostasis produce what to behave in a certain way |
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Term
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Definition
| what, according to the cognitive/psychosocial perspective, refer to positive outcomes that are established by social learning |
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Term
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Definition
| what are things such as getting a good grade and finding a mate examples of |
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Term
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Definition
| what, according to the cognitive/psychosocial perspective on biological motivation, can be set and persons can monitor their own progress toward |
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Term
| feedback about progress toward the goal |
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Definition
| what is key to motivating performance, according to the cognitive/psychosocial perspective on biological motivation |
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Term
| you cannot fulfill "higher" need until more basic needs are met |
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Definition
| what does Maslo'w theory of human needs state |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that hunger is affected by level of glucose, insulin, and leptin in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical that causes excess sugars in the bloss to be stored as fats and carbohydrates |
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Term
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Definition
| protein released by fat cells, signals satiety |
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Term
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Definition
| what part of the hypothalamus stimulates eating |
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Term
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Definition
| what part of hypothalamus restricts eating |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that there is a possible genetic component to overeating |
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Term
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Definition
| minimal amount of energy used in resting state |
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Term
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Definition
| weight maintained when no effort is made |
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Term
| time, taste, or food as a reward |
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Definition
| what external cues may obese individuals be more resposive to |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that obese individuals may be more resposive to external cues |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that obesity rates have stayed the same in US since 1900 |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that obesity is about to pass cancer as the highest preventable cause of death in US |
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Term
| propinquity effect and mere exposure effect |
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Definition
| what factors influence attraction |
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Term
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Definition
| what is one component or romantic love that is much easier to measur |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that to be in love with someone you should have some sexual attraction |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that romantic love is merely sexual attraction |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that you can be sexually attracted to someone who you don't love |
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Term
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Definition
| is ther evidence for the artistic/romantic view of love |
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Term
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Definition
| physical proximity to others |
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Term
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Definition
| the finding that the more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become our friends |
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Term
| out of 500 marriage licenses, 7% lived within 1 city block and 31% lived within 4 city blocks; westgate housing experiment at MIT |
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Definition
| what were the basic findings in support of the propinquity effect |
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Term
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Definition
| the finding that familiarity increases liking |
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Term
| the "Turkish words experiment, and the exposure of the women coming to class |
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Definition
| what are some basic findings in support mere exposure effect |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that there are some limitations to the mere exposure effect |
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Term
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Definition
| what indicates that mere exposure leads to more liking only up to a certain point |
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Term
| birds of a feather flock together |
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Definition
| all evidene seems to suggest which of the two; opposites attract or birds of a feather flock together |
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Term
| U of M housing experiment, the survey of similarity experiment, engaged couples homogamy questionnaires |
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Definition
| what were some basic findings in support of similarity |
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Term
| the women smelling the t-shirts |
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Definition
| what experiment did Jacob et al. perform in regards to the biological component to attraction |
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Term
| misattribution of arousal |
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Definition
| mistaken inferences are made about the source of arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| what are the two universal characteristics of physical attractiveness |
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Term
| they are god sugns of health and development |
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Definition
| why are averageness and symmetry the two universal signs of physical attractiveness |
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Term
| good health and development |
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Definition
| what are "not too recessive", "good genes", and "good resistance to environmental stress" signs of |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the attractiveness stereotype referred to as |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that according to the halo effect, attractive people=bad people |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that people will rate the work of attractive people better |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that lower sentences are given to attractive people |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that personality traits are rated higher for attractive people |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that attractive people earn more than non-attractive people |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that the penalty for beng below average is smaller for male than female |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that the premium for being above average is larger for female than male |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that beauty discrimination and the halo effect starts begins forming in children as young as 1 |
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Term
| investment in birthing/rearing and ability to conceive/care for a child |
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Definition
| there are gender differences in mate selection based on |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that according to the evolutionary explanation, our goal is to pass genes on |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that females are much more likely to have sex with a stranger |
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Term
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Definition
| made an argument in support of nuture as a basis for homosexuality |
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Term
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Definition
| argued that gender was learned and not innate |
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Term
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Definition
| famous for his involvment in the John/Joan case |
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Term
| John/Joan case: David Reimer |
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Definition
| sexually reassigned as female after botched circumsision. behaved as a boy throughout childhood. never identified with the female gender. later underwent genital reassignment surgery |
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Term
| some reverted around age 14 and most exhibit tomboyishness |
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Definition
| what does other work on genetic males born ambiguous who were assigned female indicate |
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Term
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Definition
| condition where the person grows a penis at 12 |
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Term
| Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) |
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Definition
| when genetic males(XY) appear female and exhibit abnormal secondary sexual development in puberty and/or infertility |
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Term
| Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) |
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Definition
| what occurs when the gene for testosterone recognition malfunctions |
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Term
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Definition
| synthetic estrogen given tp pregnant women at risk of miscarriage. convertss to estradiol past BBB - masculinizes females brains. |
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Term
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Definition
| higher incidences of bisexual or lesbian women after prenatal exposure to the chemical |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that the number of older male siblings has strong effect on sexual orientation in males |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that each older brother increases man's odds of developing homosexual orientation by about 33% |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that the INAH 3 is smaller in gay males and the anterior commissure is more similar to women |
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Term
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Definition
| is it true that homosexuality in conclusion is likely a factor of both nature and nurture |
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