Term
|
Definition
| a change in a species after many generations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| units of heredity. Your DNA and how traits are passed along. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Favorable species survive and reproduce, passing on good genes. Bad genes die off. |
|
|
Term
| 3 components involved in evolution through natural selection |
|
Definition
Variation – everything is slightly different, even in same species
Selection – the environment favors certain variants over others
Retention – genes/heredity allow traits to endure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of behavior and the mind using the principles of evolutionary theory. |
|
|
Term
| Why is the evolution of psychological traits more controversial than biological traits |
|
Definition
| It is difficult to know whether a psychological trait is a direct product of natural selection; need to make guesses about traits’ past adaptive functions because there is a lack of physical records |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fittest is most appropriate for the environment and should thrive
best is strongest, fastest, ect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the basic building blocks of the nervous system that are specialized for communication. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a chemical messenger that sends signals between neurons; alters the activity of the receiving neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receives incoming signals from other neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains the nucleus and cytoplasm that sustains life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nerve impulses travel from the soma to the axon terminal buttons, send information to the axon terminal buttons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transmit signals to other cells by releasing neurotransmitters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small space between the axon terminal button of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron |
|
|
Term
| thinking Neurotransmitters levels cause abnormal behavior and disorders |
|
Definition
| 7. This is simplistic and possible incorrect because correlation does not imply causation. Just because they both trend together does not mean we know for sure what’s happening. Are neurotransmitters levels causing disorders, or disorders causing varied levels of neurotransmitters? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a neuron that fires both when an animal acts and when the animal observes the same action performed by another |
|
|
Term
| Mirror Neurons helping by imitation. |
|
Definition
Mirror neuron systems might help us better understand the intentions of other people, which can both help us predict the actions of others, and may be crucial to empathizing with others' emotions.
Monkey see, monkey do = learning by imitation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Involved in emotional control
Involved in fearful and angry reactions
Involved in the formation of emotional memory. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
regulates hunger, thirst, temperature, and sexual arousal
Maintains body’s homeostasis – equilibrium of the internal conditions of your body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involved in the acquisition of memories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
regulates higher cognitive and emotional functions
Used for conscious thought, planning, and recognition, judgment
Last to mature
Made up of two hemispheres |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Large band of fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
Allows signals to be sent between the cerebral hemispheres |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Damaged prefrontal cortex. messed with his behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a recording of the electrical activity in the brain, used to study the relationship between psychological activities and brain response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a technique of brain imaging that scans the brain using magnetic fields and radio waves by detecting magnetic changes in the flow of blood to the cells in the brain. Allows for more precise claims about brain structure and development. |
|
|
Term
| how much of our brain do we use/what parts? |
|
Definition
| We use all of it and all parts serve a function. they might not be working at the same time, but they all have a purpose. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the consistency or equilibrium of internal conditions of the body. The hypothalamus is responsible in maintaining it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the two halves of the cerebrum. They are connected by the corpus callosum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are certain mental processes that are mainly specialized to one side of the brain or the other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the brain acts as two separate brains. Something viewed in the left eye is only processed by the left hemisphere and vice versa. People can continue to function after a severed corpus callosum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
If split-brain person uses left hand to find a match to an object presented to the left visual field (registered in right hemisphere), he can do this because both vision and touch are registered in right hemisphere. However, that person could not name that object because speech is mainly a left hemisphere function.
Same task with right hand (right visual field, registered in left hemisphere). Unsuccessful at picking out the object by touch because vision and touch is processed in in the right hemisphere. He can name the object because language is processed in the left hemisphere. |
|
|
Term
| Rats environment example results |
|
Definition
Complex environment rats had 21% more synapses for each neuron than the social rats.
Social rats had 27% more than the isolated rats. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the creation of new neurons
Used to replace damaged tissue to help people recover from stroke or paralysis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
regular functions in a biological system
Typically in tune with external time cues such as clock time, temperature, and daylight.
May or may not have psychological implications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
biological rhythms that occur approximately every 24 hours
Controlled by a biological clock or overall coordinator located in the hypothalamus in an area called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
Examples – the sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, hormones |
|
|
Term
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
treatment |
|
Definition
| when a person experiences depression in the winter and an improvement of mood in the summer. One of the most effective treatments for SAD is to sit patients down in front of florescent lights during certain times of day during the winter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (rapid eye movement) alternates with periods of fewer eye movements or non-REM sleep in a cycle that recurs every 90 minutes or so. Active brain, inactive body. increased eye movement, loss of muscle tone, dreaming, Heart rate increases, blood pressure rises |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta Waves – alertness
Alpha Waves –drowsiness
Theta Waves –light sleep
Delta Waves –very deep sleep (slow wave sleep) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a disorder involving sudden and unpredictable daytime attacks of sleepiness or lapses into REM sleep (REM sleep) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (sleep walking) a disorder in which motor acts are performed (non-REM sleep) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle paralysis that normally occurs during REM sleep is absent or incomplete and the sleeper is able to act out his or her dreams (REM sleep) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the dreamer is aware that they are dreaming. Some might even be able to control their actions while inside the dream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the symbols and metaphors in a dream convey the meaning of the dream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dreaming is simply a modification of the cognitive activity that goes on when we are awake, may or may not be related to daily problems |
|
|
Term
| Activation-synthesis theory |
|
Definition
| dreaming results from the cortical synthesis and interpretation of neural signals triggered by activity in the lower part of the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Responsiveness depends more on efforts/qualities of person being hypnotized than the skill of the hypnotist
2. Cannot be forced to do things against their will
3. Feats performed can be done by motivated people without hypnosis
4. Does not increase accuracy of memory
5. Does not produce a literal re-experiencing of long-ago events
6. Suggestions have been used effectively for many medical and psychological purposes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased amounts of the drug are needed to obtain desired effect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| negative physiological reactions when the drug use is discontinued like Headaches, trembling, chills, cravings, anxiety, ect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the brain’s attempt to adjust for bodily changes (e.g., from drugs) and maintain the body’s homeostasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Beliefs and expectancies about the effects of drugs and settings in which they are taken that can also account for people’s responses to them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expectations of substance intake can affect people’s behavior |
|
|
