Term
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Definition
| The state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| The body's natural, unique response to a disease; an abnormal process involving changes in the body's normal functioning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical, emotional, social, intellectual, environmental, sociocultural, spirtual - All are interrelated. |
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Term
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Definition
The rapid onset of disease symptoms that last a relatively short period of time.
Ex- appendicitis, diarrhea, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| A broad term that applies to a disease that causes permanent physical and mental alterations within one's health. |
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Term
| 3 Characteristics of Chronic Disease |
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Definition
| 1) They're permanent alterations,2) Requires special pt education/rehabilitation, 3) Typically requires a long period of care or support. |
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Term
| Stages of Illness - Experiencing symptoms |
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Definition
| It's the first stage of illness. At this point, the pt begins to experience signs/symptoms of a disease process, but try to treat it themselves or "ride it out." |
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Term
| Stages of Illness - Assuming the sick role |
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Definition
| The second stage of illness. The pt now seeks social affirmation that they are experiencing a disease process and can be excused from their social responsibilities. |
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Term
| Stages of Illness - Assuming the dependent role |
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Definition
| The third stage of illness. The pt accepts they need help, seek the assistance of a physician and accept their diagnosis. They now seek external resources for coping and treatment. |
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Term
| Stages of Illness - Achieving Recovery and Rehab |
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Definition
| The 4th stage of the illness. The pt is now recovering from the symptoms and terminates their relationship with whatever external resources they tapped to cope with/treat the illness. |
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Term
| Agent-Host-Environment Model |
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Definition
| Health model that examines the cause of disease in an individual. Identifies the interaction of the agent, host, and environment in the precipitation of risk factors. |
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Term
| AHE Model - Agent Factors Examples |
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Definition
Include:
1) The type of pathogen
2) The virulence of the pathogen
3) Other agent-specific factors |
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Term
| AHE Model - Environment Factors Examples |
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Definition
Include:
1) Effects from cultural practices (ex- the pt does not regularly clean their living space due to cultural constraints, resulting in an excessive breeding ground for pathogens).
2) Effects of the physical environment (ex- the pt lives in a swamp where West Nile Virus is present).
3) Effects from social atmosphere (ex- the pt does not live in a safe family environment. As a result, the pt is at an increase risk for domestic abuse). |
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Term
| AHE Model - Host Factors Examples |
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Definition
Include:
1) Genetic predispositions for disease.
2) Unchangeable biometrics, such as age.
3) Lifestyle habits such as lack of exercise, over-eating, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Views health as a constantly dynamic process that can range from high-level wellness to death. |
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Term
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Definition
| Created by Rosenthal. The model is based on people's perception of A) the complications that would arise if they contract disease process, B) the chance they can catch the disease, and C) the benefits of action to either prevent or treat the disease. |
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Term
| The Health-Promotion Model |
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Definition
| Illustrates the multi-dimensional nature of persons interacting with their environment as they pursue health. This model incorporates individual experiences and behavior-specific knowledge and beliefs to motivate health-promoting behavior. Behavior is directed towards attaining positive health outcomes. |
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Term
| General Risk Factors for Illness |
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Definition
1) Age
2) Genetic factors
3) Health and lifestyle habits
4) Environment |
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Term
| Physical Dimension of Health |
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Definition
| Include the interaction of age, genetics, race, and sex |
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Term
| Emotional Dimension of Health |
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Definition
| How the mind affects the body and reacts to certain physiological conditions |
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Term
| Intellectual Dimension of Health |
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Definition
| Include a person's cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences. |
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Term
| Environment Dimension of Health |
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Definition
| Involves the person's current living arrangement, namely housing location, proper sanitation, possible pollution, and ensuring they have adequate food and water. |
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Term
| Sociocultural Dimension of Health |
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Definition
| Includes factors such as: economic situation, lifestyle, and family situation. |
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Term
| Spiritual Dimension of Health |
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Definition
| The spiritual beliefs and values that a person has. |
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Term
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs |
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Definition
From Bottom to Top:
1) Physical Needs
2) Safety and Security
3) Love and Belonging
4) Self-esteem needs
5) Self-actualization |
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Term
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Definition
| Eating, drinking, sleeping, etc. |
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Term
| Safety and Security Needs |
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Definition
| Having a place to sleep, being safe from the elements, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first social need. Consists of a person's need to feel accepted and loved by those around him/her. |
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Term
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Definition
| The need to feel self-confident, respect for self, and respect for others. |
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Term
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Definition
| The need to achieve one's maximum potential. |
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Term
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Definition
| Preventing the disease process for occurring to begin with (ex- getting immunized against various diseases). |
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Term
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Definition
| Screening for the disease to enable early detection (ex- getting a mammogram to detect breast cancer or a colonoscopy to detect colon cancer early). |
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Term
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Definition
| Managing an illness once it's manifested (ex- taking medication to manage diabetes and monitoring one's blood sugar regularly). |
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Term
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Definition
| Considered a "traditional" family. Consists of 2 parents and their biological children. |
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Term
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Definition
| The nuclear family with the addition of distant relatives (such as aunts, uncles, and grandparents). |
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Term
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Definition
| Family structure that consists of 2 parents and children from previous relationships, as well as new children from their current relationship. |
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Term
| Family Stages - Couple with Children |
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Definition
| The new parents have to adjust to raising kids in terms of both social and economic needs. |
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Term
| Family Stages - Family with Adolescents and Young Adults |
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Definition
| Difficulties in maintaining open lines of communication can arise in this stage. Also, parents must learn to balance freedom and responsibility with their children. |
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Term
| Family Stages - Family with Middle Adults |
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Definition
| This could be the "sandwich generation" due to their fact that they may still have to support their children while beginning to help support their parents. This is also the stage where they begin preparing for retirement. |
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Term
| Family Stages - Family with Older Adults |
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Definition
| This is the stage where the kids are fully launched and potentially with children of their own. Retirement is now a factor within their lives and they may have to deal with the loss of spouses. |
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Term
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Definition
| A standard or rule of conduct that is established and enforced by the government. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of bringing a lawsuit to court. |
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Term
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Definition
| The government is directly involved with the creation of this type of law. It regulates the relationship between the government and the people. |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulates the relationships between people that are not criminal cases. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves the concerns surrounding state and federal criminal statues. It also defines criminal actions and the penalties for certain crimes. |
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Term
| Four Sources of Law - Constitutions |
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Definition
| serves as guides in the legislative process. |
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Term
| Four Sources of Law - Statutes |
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Definition
| Enacted by a legislative body. Nurse practice laws fall under statutory law. |
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Term
| Four Sources of Law - Admin Law |
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Definition
| Body of law that governs the actions of administrative officers. |
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Term
| Four Sources of Law - Common Law |
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Definition
| A system of laws and judiciary precedents that reconcile controversies within various bodies of laws. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most important piece of legislation for us. It defines the scope of practice, liscensure requirements, the roles/responsibilities of various levels of nurses, and other items that impact our day-to-day operations. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process in which education programs are reviewed and certified to meet minimum standards within the education community. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ensures entry-level competency for a practioner. Requirements are determined by the state (ex- the PA State Board of Nursing). |
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Term
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Definition
| Denotes competency within a sub-field or specialty. Requirements are determined by the government body (ex- the National Association of Critical Care Nurses) |
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Term
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Definition
| Wrong against a person or their property as well as the public. |
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Term
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Definition
| A crime punishable by fines or less than 1 year in prison. |
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Term
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Definition
| A crime punishable by imprisonment for more than 1 year. |
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Term
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Definition
A wrong committed by a person against another person that cannot be considered a crime. They are tried in civil court.
Can be intentional or unintentional. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tort that is purposefully, or willfully committed against another. Ex- Assault and Battery; Fraud; Defamation of Character. |
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Term
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Definition
| A unwillful tort committed against another person. Ex- negligence, malpractice. |
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Term
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Definition
| The commitment or omission of an act that another person with equal training would do or not do under similar circumstance. |
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Term
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Definition
| The commitment or omission of an act that another person with equal training would do or not do under similar circumstance WITHIN A PROFESSIONAL SETTING. |
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Term
| Four Elements of Liability - Duty to act |
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Definition
| the legal obligation to act or intervene if determined to be appropriate within your scope of practice. |
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Term
| Four Elements of Liability - Breach of that duty to act |
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Definition
| failure to fulfill your duty to act within your scope of practice. |
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Term
| Four Elements of Liability - Causation |
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Definition
| The breach of duty resulted in injury to the pt. |
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Term
| Four Elements of Liability - Damages |
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Definition
| The extent of the actual injuries sustained. |
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Term
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Definition
| Someone provides an example to facilitate value transmission. Can be from peers, parents, authority figures, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mode of transmission where a moral code or value system is imposed on someone by their culture or society. Ex- Church |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals are allowed to develop their own values with little or no guidance. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mode of value transmission where an individual is rewarded for "acceptable" behavior and punished for "unacceptable" behavior which reflects their values. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mode of value transmission where an individual is encouraged to explore and learn through consequence. |
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Term
| Seven Steps of the Valuing Process |
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Definition
1) Choosing freely- consequence spurs action.
2) Choosing from alternatives- a choice is made after review the options.
3) Choosing after the consider of consequences- the individual examines the options based on potential consequences.
4) Prizing and Happiness- the person is intrinsically satisfied with their values and choices.
5) Prizing with Public Affirmation- society expresses satisfaction with an individuals values and choices.
6) Acting with incorporation into their behaviors- the person's actions begin to reflect their internal value system.
7) Acting with consistency and regularity- the individuals actions will consistently reflect that person's personal beliefs and values. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A person's right to self-determination and free choice. |
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Term
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Definition
| Respect of all people's worthiness and their beliefs and values. |
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Term
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Definition
| Acting in accordance with accepted ethical codes and standards. |
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Term
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Definition
| Upholding moral, legal, and humanistic principles. |
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Term
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Definition
| The systematic inquiry into what is considered "right" and "wrong." |
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Term
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Definition
| Ethics regarding the life sciences. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ethics regarding situations and challenges that occur at the bedside. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formal study of ethics that arise while practicing nursing. These ethical decisions are reflected within a nurse's clinical judgements. |
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Term
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Definition
| The rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by the consequences of the action. |
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Term
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Definition
| An action is inherently right or wrong regardless of the consequence. |
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Term
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Definition
| Avoiding the cause of harm. |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of benefiting the pt through nursing intervention. |
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Term
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Definition
| Giving each pt appropriate recognition and acting fairly towards them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Keeping promises made to the pt. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability for the nurse to sense when an "ethical moment/challenge" arises. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to appropriately respond to that challenge once it arises. |
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Term
| Ethical Reasoning and Discernment |
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Definition
| Adequately thinking through the dimensions of a challenge and potential response options. |
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Term
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Definition
| Taking responsibility for an ethical challenge and its outcome once a decision is made. |
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Term
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Definition
| Act as you feel one should ethically act when confronted with an ethical challenge. |
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Term
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Definition
| Placing a high value on ethical behavior. |
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Term
| Transformative Ethical Leadership |
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Definition
| Do the ethical thing simply because it's the ethical thing to do. |
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Term
| Code of Ethics for Nurses |
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Definition
| A succinct, non-negotiable statement of the profession's accepted practices and standards. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two or more moral principles apply, but support mutually inconsistently course of action. |
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Term
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Definition
| The nurse knows the correct, ethical course of action, but cannot perform that action due to institutional or other external factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Acting in what the nurse perceives is the pt's best interest without the pt's consent. |
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