cephalocaudal pattern

proximo distal pattern

frontal lobes

occipital lobes

temporal lobes

parietal lobes

fl--- voluntary movement, thinking, personality and intentionality or purpose

ol--- vision

tl -- active role in hearing, language processing and memory

pl-- registering spatial location, attention and motor control.

lateralization

 sudden infant death syndrome (SIDs)

marasmus

a wasting away of body tissues in the infant's first year, caused by severe protein- calorie deficiency

infant underweight and  muscles atrophy.

Kwashiorkor

dynamic systems theory

 the perspective on motor develpment that seeks to explain how motor behaviors are assembled for perceiving and acting.

reflexes

Built- in reactions to stimuli that govern the newborn's movements, which are automatic and beyond the newborn's control.

 rooting reflex

 a newborn's built- in reation that occures when the infant's cheek is stroed or the side of the mouth is touched.

in respose, the infant turns his or her head toward the side that was touched, in an apparent effort to find something to suck.

sucking reflex

a newborn's built-in reaction to automatically suck an object placed in its mouth.

The sucking reflex enables the infant to get nourishment before he or she has associated a nipple with food and also serves as a self- soothing or self-regulating mechanism.

Moro reflex

A neonatal startle response that occurs in reaction to a sudden. 

Intense noise or movement.

When startled, the newborn arches its back, throws its head back, and  flings out its arms and legs.

Then the newborn rapidly closes its arms and legs to the center of the body.

A neonatal reflex that occurs when something touches the infant's palms

the infant responds by grasping tightly.

 gross motor skills

Motor skills that involve large-muscle activities.

 such as walking.

fine motor skills

 Motor skills that involve more finely tuned movements, such as finger dexterity.

sensation

The product of the interaction between information and the sensory receptors- the eyes,ears, tongue, nostrils and skin.

Perception

the interpretation of what is sensed.

 ecological view

the view that perception functions to bring organisms in contact with the environment and to increase adaptation.

affordances

Opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform functional activities

visual preference method

A method used to determine whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another by measuring the length of time they attend to defferent stimuli.

habituation

Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.

dis habituation

Recovery of a habituated response after a change in stimulation.

size constancy

The recognition that an object remains the same even though

the retinal image of the object changes as you move toward or away from the object.

Shape constancy

The recognition that an object's shape remains the same even though its orientation to us changes.

Intermodal perception

The ability to relate and integrate information from two or more sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing.

schemes