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| Former KGB officer. Defected to Britain, then got radiation poisoning in 2006, later died. Showed the Putin had a ton of control, if you betray Russia, you die. Highly critical of Putin |
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| Small group of powerful and wealthy individuals who gained ownership and control of important sectors of Russia's economy in the context of privatization of state assets in the late 1990's. They had significant political influence. Lots of money laundering and corruption in Russian gov. |
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| Current pres if Chechnya, former chechnyan rebel and fought against Russia. Was installed by Putin, so Putin still has control of Chechnya. Human rights abuses, birthday party with American celebs |
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| Process of building a widely shared national identity among a country's population, under an independent, legitimate state. Communists did this to build national support. Can lead to civil wars b/c of nationalism (us vs them) |
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Core vs. Periphery. Explains the inequality between N and S. MNCs take advantage of the S through unequal exchange.
Problems: No solution, only way out is to overthrow gov.
Pretty vague, no real definition
Little empirical findings |
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| The act of making a gov owned enterprise privately owned. In Russia there was INSIDER PRIVATIZATION: giving vouchers representing a share of the company to workers and managers. Ended up in the hands of a few (oligarchs). Increase in capitalism, away from communism/socialism. Petrobras isn't privatized |
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| Former Oligarch, owner of Yukos, one of the richest people in the world. Was a trusted public figure, but talked about Putin's corruption. Was sent to jail for fraud w/o due process, still there. Shows that Putin has the power. Putin wanted to show that oligarchs couldnt use their money to effect politics. Displayed him publicly in a cage. |
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| Putin's Party. KNown as a Dominant Party: Political party that manages to maintain consistent control of a political system through formal and informal mechanisms of power, with or without strong support from the population. |
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| lower house of Russian Legislature. 450 members w/ 5 year terms. proportional representation vote (Moscow is overly represented), can override Federal Council, enact legislation, can;t offer financial bills w/o Pres/PM consent , shows that Duma is restricted, can't question ministers |
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| Upper House. Equal representation from each federal unit, membership is appointed, budget, taxes, declarations of war (more in Putin's pocket b/c of appointments) |
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| Way of government organization within the Communist Party in the USSR. Congress elected the general committee who elected the politburo, who elected the General Secretary. Each group getting smaller as you go up the chain. Then If the Gen. Sec. Made a decree, it would have to be followed by everyone in that chain |
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| aka Lenin. Lead Russia form 1917-1924. Marx said you had to go through capitalism to get from feudalism to socialism which was preferred. Lenin believed you could go right from feudalism to socialism while skipping capitalism. New Economic Program-allow some small businesses to privatize while keeping big ones (banks, foreign trade, large industries) under state control. Shaped a lot of USSR economic policies. Didn't like Stalin |
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| First democratically elected pres of Russia (June 1991). While Gorbochov was still in charge of USSR. Moved Russia to democracy. Yeltsin did away with USSR's price wage control, made military cuts, made the ruble convertible to other currencies, privatized many state owned companies. In 1993 Yeltin dissolved Russian Parliament even though he didn;t have that power. He had the army shoot mortars at parliament when members refused to leave. Showed that whoever had the army on their side (now Putin) is the one in charge. |
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| Small Russian town. massacre in 2004. Chechnyan rebels take a school hostage, Russia comes in and there's a huge fire fight. hundreds of civillians and children die. |
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| Government program in Brazil increased by Lula. Conditional cash for Brazil's poorest families. Thye only get cash if their kids are in school, they attend health classes, etc) trying to bridge income inequality gap in Brazil through money and education. Recognizes those problems |
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| Federal Security Service. New KGB |
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| Economic measures ushered in by Cardoso to get fix Brazil's economy. Privatized a lot of industries, created the real (current currency) which helped keep inflation under control, also made is so governors can fire employees if more than 60% of the revenue of the state went towards pensions. Alos, mayors can go to jail for overspending. Helped Brazil's economy, established the real, made mayors and governors more accountable |
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| System in Brazil. Voters determine what the party list looks like. Determine which people in each party get to go. In closed list, people vote just for the party, not the candidate. Also, it's proportional, not first past the post, so more people are represented. This means that a strong candidate can carry a party,meaning that people that go from that party can actually get less votes than someone from a less popular party that doesnt go |
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| Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva |
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| Lula. Elected Pres of Brazil for the first time in 2002. Lost his pinky in a steel mill (working class dude). Decided not to mess with the economy. He wanted to cut gov spending and the debt. Cancels $700m contract w/ US defense contractors, uses money to start programs "zero hunger" and improve "Bolsa Familia" He improves the economy a lot after deep cuts, but it turns out he had to bribe people to get it done (tons of parties in congress). Reformed electoral system, Ended "party switching" and congressional investigation (bribing) |
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| Brazil's gov. oil company. Run now by Maria das Gracas Foster. not totally privatized. How to allocate the oil/profits? |
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| Created Theory of Unequal Exchange. As productivity in N increases, prices wont diminish. As prod. in S increases, prices will diminish. Terms of trade=change in price of exports/change in price of imports. The S terms of trade will go down over time increasing the N/S gap. If you specialize, you're doomed |
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| Became leader of Brazil in 1937, turned it into a dictatorship, ousted in 1945. Elected again in 1950, makes "the state" important, larger role in the economy, started getting on the military's nerves. Is tied to assassination attempt of an anti-vargas journalist. Commits suicide. |
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| A consciously formulated set of political ideas emphasizing the distinctiveness and unity of one's nation, specifying common interests and prescribing goals for actions. |
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| The "soft-line" group of the military that ruled Brazil during the 60's, 70's, 80's. Switched off with "Linha Dura" the hard line folks. Implemented "abertura", process of constantly changing election rules to make sure they won. Great economic growth during this period. |
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| Conditional Cash Transfer |
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Originally established to help countries bolster their foreign exchange reserves after WWII, then became a lender of last resort to countries in debt. Strict requirements to get the loan, give up some sovereignty. Why do it? SHows you're on the right tack, relatively small interest rate
Why not? Seizure of national assets, banks can make it difficult to carry out business. Structural adjustment/washington consensus: reduce size of the state, liberalize trade and capital markets |
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| Conditions put on a loan. IMF does this, usually big cuts, more taxes. |
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| Hierarchical exchange relationship between actors of different social status and wealth. In the favellas, this is done for votes. Promise roads and infrastructure in return for votes. Vila Brasil, Vidigal. Vila's n better shape |
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| Group within the Communist party, elected by the central committee. Small group of higher ups in the party lead by the General Secretary. Made important decisions that were then passed down to the central committee. Shows how the communist party manipulated the government in USSR. the communist party was structured to mimc exactly the USSR gov. |
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| Russian banks had a ton of money, would loan the money to the gov, used SOEs as collateral if they defaulted, they defaulted, gov businesses went to oligarchs for cheap |
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| pres of Brazil form 1992 to 1994. Appointed Brazilian currency to the dollar. Ladies man, playboy lifestyle |
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| Reporter murdered. Litvinenko accused Putin of ordering the execution. Se wrote anti-Putin stuff. |
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| Gorbochov's policy of "openness" which involved an easing of controls on the media, arts, and public discussion. Was designed to adapt communism to new world conditions, but actually caused its demise. Once Gorb opened the door to dissenting opinions, everybody started revolting. This lead to the fall of the USSR, election of Yeltsin |
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| describes where people get their political views. Family, schools, religious groups, peer groups, in Russia they used Media, youth groups, schools, adult eductaion |
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| How groups relate to each other depends on the modes of production. Feudalism: land owners/serf. Capitalism: Workers sell their time to employers, workers getting the raw end of the deal according to marx, Socialism: everybody owns property |
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