• capital city of Nigeria

• African National Congress

• All Progressive Congress (Nigeria)

• Bharatiya Janata Party (India)

• family allowance; provides financial aid to poor Brazilian families
• also works to give free education to kids
• social welfare program created by the Brazilian Government
• centerpiece of Lula's social policy which led to his victory in 2006
• reduced poverty in Brazil

• an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

• Mexican president 1934-1940

• set of measures taken to stabalize Brazilian Economy 
• aimed at combating inflation 
• served as a key step in the implementation of the new currency(real)

• the exchange of goods and services for political support often involving implicit  or explicit quid pro quo,
• commonly linked to corruption
• at the heart of the patron client relationship

• a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short open warfare
• ended bipolar world, left USA as the only great superpower

• the policy or practices of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settler and exploiting it economically
• encouraged the diffusion of technology and instituions
• based on categorical domination and discrimination

• one on india's two major political parties

• a country should specialize in producing and exporting only those goods and services which it can produce more efficiently( at lower opportunity cost) than other goods and services(which it should import)
• leads to free trade

• the sociopolitical organization of society by major interest groups, or corporate groups, such as agricultural, business, ethnic, labout, military, patronage, or scientific affiliation on the basis of common interest

• means "oppressed" in South East Asia
• the self chosen political name of castes which were formerly considered "untouchable"

• chinese revolutionary

• weak structural position of developing countries in the international capitalist system influences important variables in their political life as well as explains their failure to achieve stronger development
• rich countries depend on poor countries staying poor
• causes underdevelopment

• positions Third World people as powerless objects rather than as active subjects and agents

• president of Brazil

• ways of speaking that organize knowledge in particular ways to establish power relations 

• the period in Brazil between 1930 and 1945
• President Vargas initiated a new constitution

• an economic strategy used by some developing countries
• seeks to find a niche in the world economy for a certain type of export

• investment made by a company or entity based in one country, into a company or entity based in another country
• can lead to economic growth, sharing of technologies, employment opportunities

• the unrestricted purchase and sale of goods and services between countries without the imposition of constraints such as tariffs, duties and quotas

• core principles of the South African Congress Alliance
• notable for its demand and commitment to non racial South Africa

Globalization

• a historical process invloving a fundamental shift or transformation in the spatial scale of human social organization that links distant communities and expands the reach of power relations across regions and continents
• stretching: the idea that local events somewhere will have an impact elsewhere
• Magnitude: the idea that interconectedness is intensifying in virtually all spheres
• Acceleration:the idea that the speed of communications and transportation technology is icreasing rapidly
• extensity, intensity, and velocity: idea that the growing enmeshment of the global and local resulting in a global consciousness

• a constitutionally mandated 12 member council that weilds considerable power and influence 
•  charges with interpreting the constituition of Iran, supervising elections of, and approving candidates to the assembly of experts, the president and the Majjis

• term used to refer to the hausa- fulani people of West Africa
• 29% of Nigeria's population

• a system of beliefs or theories, usually political, held by an individual or a group

• theory employed by developing coutries that wish to increase their self sufficiency and decrease their dependency on developed countries
• implementation of the theory focuses on protection and incubation of domestic infanct industries so they may emerge to compete with imported goods and make the local economy more self sufficient

• the supposition that emerging domestic industries need protection againts international competition until they become more mature and stable
• an infant industry is one that is new and in its early stages of development, not yet capable of competing against established industry competitors

• creation or organization of governmental institutions or particular bodies responsible for overseeing or implementing policy 

• financial institutions that have been established by more than one country, and hence are subject to international law
• owners or shareholders are generallynational governments, although other international institutions and other organizations occasionally figure as shareholders
• used for the purpose of international development

•  government seen as having a particularily severe systemic problem with officials or a ruling class taking advantage of corruption to extend their personal wealth or political power.

• elaborate system of licenses, regulation and accompanying red tape that were required to set up and run a business in India between 1947 and 1990
• result of decision to have a planned economy where all aspects of the economy are controlled by the state and licenses are given to a select few

• the lower house of India's parliament 
• can perform motions of no confidence against government

• President of Brazil 2003-2011
• one of the most popular brazilian presidents
• created the Bolsa Familia
• played a prominent role in international developments including the nuclear program of Iran and global warming
• plagued by corruption scandals

• prime minister of India (2004-2014)
• carried out several structural reforms that liberalized India's economy

• economic theory that hold that there is a fixed amount of wealth in the world and that a nations prosperity depends on its success in accumulating wealth by exporting more than its imports and thereby earning profits from its exports

• prime minister 2014-
• focused on reforming and modernising India's infrastructure and government, reducing bureaucracy. encouraging increased foreign direct investment, improving national standards of health and sanitation and improving foreign relations

• theory that cultures and societies develop in similar fashion by rejecting traditional cultural restrictions on the division of labour in favour of liberal individualism, urbanization, and industrialization
• - implied that with the right kind of liberal policies and sufficient capital for investment all societies could become prosperous capitalist and democratic
• underlying this was an optimism that change and development was easy and that there was no need to concentrate control in a powerful state

• devotion, especially excessive or undiscriminating devotion, to the interests or culture of a particular nation state

• a corporation that has facilities and other assests in at least one country other than its home country
• such companis have offices and/or factories in different countries and usually have a centralized head office where they coordinate global management
• revolutionary effect on the international economic system
• international transactions of the multinationals has affected the more traditional flows and capital flows and inernational trade for many economies
• can disrupt the economies of the less developed countries, and may even threaten their political sovereignty

• emphasizes the value of free market competition
• belief in sustained economic growth as the means to achieve human progress,emphasis on on minimal state intervention in economic and social affairs
• commitment to the freedom of trade and capital 

• all power flows directly from the leader
• the blending of the public and private sector
• these regimes are autocratic oligarchic and exclude the upper and middle classes from power

• elected officials and government workers feel they have a right to a share of government revenues, and use them to benefit their supporters, co-religionists and members of their ethnic group
• commonly used to describe patterns of corruption in Nigeria

• 1. New product innovation
• 2. saturation of domestic market
• 3. export
• 4. Diffusion of technology- Foreign investment
• 5. Reimport of the product

• theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports

• state which derives all or a sustantial portion of its national revenues from the rent of indigenous resources to external clients
• ex. Iran oil

• basic Islamic legal system derived from the religious precepts of Islam

• any modern economic zone
• zones business and trades differ from the rest of the country
• located within a country's national borders
• aims include increased trade, increased investment, job creation, and effective administration

• the totality of governmental institutions, officials,laws, and procedures in a country
• state= government+administration + civil society
• important for authority, legitimacy, and innovation 

• the totality of governmental institutions, officials,laws, and procedures in a country
• state= government+administration + civil society
• important for authority, legitimacy, and innovation 

• economic policies which countries must follow in order to qualify for new World Bank, and IMF loans to help them make debt repayments on the older debts owed
• common features include: export led growth; privitisation and liberalization and efficienty of the free market

• wholly reliant on the self provisioning of the community

• highest ranking spiritual leader in Iran

• relative price of exports in terms of imports and is defined as the ratio of export prices to import proces
• can be interpreted as the amount of import goods an economy can purchase per unit of export goods
• determines the gain that accrues to a country from international trade

• when resources are not used to their full socio-economic potential, with the result that local or regional development is slower in most cases than it should be

• any of a series of treaties signed by the Western powers during the 19th and early 20th century by Qing dynasty China and late Tokugawa Japan after suffering military defeat  by the foreign powers

• president of Brazil 1930-1954
• favoured nationalism, industrialization, centralization, social welfare, and populism

• set of 10 economic policy prescriptions considered to constitute the standard reform package promoted for crisis wracked developing countries

• international organization dedicated to providing, financing, advice, and research to developing nations to aid their economic advancement

• ethnic group in socuthwestern Nigeria

• president of South Africa
• corruption + other legal challenges