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North American Free Trade Agreement (1994)
Free trade pact between US, Canada, and Mexico, further tying Mexican economy to the US and vice versa |
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| Cuban revolutionary writer and nationalist, who died in the 1895 uprising and is the martyr of Cuban nationalism |
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| Leftist agrarian leader in the Mexican Revolution, with movement in southern Mexico among peasants and indigenous peoples, for his éjido-based Ayala Plan |
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| "Baby Doc" heir to "Papa Doc" François Duvalier as dictatorial leader of Haiti in 1971, pressured out in 1986 in part by Catholic Church pressure |
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| Argentinian revolutionary who organized guerrilla movement bringing Castro to power, proceeding to form an ideology about creating a guerrilla movement to lead the way toward pan-American revolution |
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| Austrian Hapsburg recruited to serve as French puppet emperor in Mexico from 1863-67, who was executed by resurgent Mexican forces after French withdrawal |
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| Leftist leader in the Dominican Republic, ousted in 1962 coup but active in politics attempting to agitate for the democratic left until 1994 |
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| 1926-29 war waged by Catholic radicals in Mexico against the Calles administration's anticlerical policies |
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| First non-PRI president of Mexico, winning for the conservative PAN in 2000, overseeing neoliberal reforms through 2006 while not entirely achieving up to expectations from his nonpartisan, "cowboy" style in background as businessman, rancher, and governor |
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| Center-left president of Costa Rica, elected in 1986, who helped broker the Central American Peace Accords in 1987 |
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| Leader of the reformist sergeants' revolt in Cuba who became entrenched as a repressive autocrat before being overthrown in 1959 by Castro |
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| Populist leader of Mexico from 1934-40 who helped form the PRI and its brand of mass mobilization, enabling PRI dominance, augmented by genuine land reforms and nationalization of Mexican oil |
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| Frenchmen who bought position as Foreign Secretary for newly independent Panama and then negotiated treaty over canal rights with US |
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| Castro's movement to overthrow Batista, commemorating his failed 1952 uprising at the Moncada Barracks |
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| Salvadoran populist leader who denounced military human rights violations in the war against leftists, winning assassination in 1990 |
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| non-white, non-Asian, and non-African dark-skinned people of Guatemala who form the population along with Mayas |
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| Small Caribbean island nation, invaded by the US in 1983 to overthrow an alleged Cuban coup attempt against its leftist "New Jewel" movement |
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| Ruthless, repressive autocrat ruling the Dominican Republic from 1933-61, typifying the traditional semi-fascist dictatorship of 20th Century Latin America |
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| United Fruit Company (UFCo) |
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| Powerful corporation in Central America with strong interests in banana cultivation for export, gaining vast power in regional governments and defense of its interests by US force |
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| Rightist general who took power in Guatemala after ousting the leftist Arbenz government in 1954 |
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| Culmination of government repression of the 1968 student movement in Mexico, with student activists killed at Plaza of the Three Cultures while protesting |
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| Leader of victorious party in 1948 civil war in Costa Rica |
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| Salvadoran gang originating in US prison communities of Salvadoran refugees, but exported back to El Salvador in mid-1990s via extradition, creating trans-national network of violent organized crime, often connected to drug trafficking |
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| Populist priest who became president of Haiti in 1990, fell in a coup in 1992, returned in 1994 and again served 2000-04 before being ousted under pressure for failure to live up to high expectations |
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| Democratic, reformist party founded by Figueres after Costa Rican Civil War in 1948 |
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| Central American Free Trade Agreement (plus Dominican Republic: CAFTA-DR), signed in 2006, creating a NAFTA-style trading bloc with US for Central American Common Market |
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| Nationalist and anti-imperialist hero in Nicaragua who led resistance to US intervention in 1910s, inspiring the leftist Sandanista Movement of the 1970s-80s |
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| Christian Democrat leader in El Salvador from 1980-82 and 1984-89, ineffectively attempting to make peace and restrain the military |
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| Guatemalan military leader and reformist president who instituted land reform in 1952 but was ousted by US-backed coup in 1954 |
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| Rightist party in El Salvador, winning all elections up to 2009 |
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| Rightist iconic leader in Dominican politics since succeeding Bosch in 1963, retaining and returning to power through the next decades, often with less severely repressive regimes |
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