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| nonscientific and often-biased polls' often confused with legitamite public opinion polling |
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| useful tool of government and a valuable source of information to citizens and leaders alike |
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| fund raising under the guise of surveying |
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| selling under the guise of research |
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| not representative because people who volunteer to vote may differ from population in other ways; may be more interested in topic at hand |
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| an election campaign tactic disguised as legitimate polling; presents negative information about opponent; pushes potential voters away |
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| what polltakers measure when citizens do not have genuine opinions on a subject and yet answers the polls anyways; leads to misleading results |
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generally measures political efficacy; 1. I don't think public officials care much what people like me think. 2. Voting is the only way that people like me can have any say about how the government runs things 3. Sometimes politics and government seem so complicated that a person like me can't really understand what's going on 4. People like me don't have any say about what the government does |
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refers to the follow-up questions asked after an initial query is presented to respondents i.e. if respondents say they are independents, they are then asked whether they lean toward Republican/Democrat |
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| each response option is specified in words; unlabeled options are said to be used when respondents are asked to place themselves on a scale that ranges from one to seven |
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designed to assess the volatility of the public's views on issues, particularly the ones on which citizens provide answers even though they have little information or understanding about them. Mushiness index has four components in addition to a person's position on a particular issue: how much the issue affects the respondent personally, how well informed the respondent feels he or she is on the issue, how much the respondent discusses the issue with family and friends, and the respondent's own assessment of how likely it is that his or her views on the issue will change. They found that attitudes on domestic policy were less mushy than those on foreign policy. |
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| radio call-in shows, unscientific Internet polls, magazine postcard polls; another form is selecting respondents for reasons of convenience |
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