Mode of infection: Water,food, hand--mouth, sex

Site of infection: intestine but can be extraintestinal

Method of diagnosis: cysts in feces

Giardia Lamblia

Giardia Intestinalis

Giardia Duodenalis

Mode of infection: ingestion of cysts (spring water)

Site of infection: intestine only (flagellate)

Method of diagnosis: cysts in feces

Balantidum Coli

common parasite of animals

Mode of infection: ingestion of cysts

Site of infection: intestinal ciliate

Method of diagnosis: cysts in feces

Intestinal Sporozoa

Isospora Belli

Cyclospora Cayetanensis

Cryptosporidium Parvum/ Hominis

Mode of infection:  ingestion of ooxysts (food, water swim)

Site of infection: intestinal epithelium, self limiting in normal people..... sporogony/schizogony (sexual/asexual)

Method of diagnosis: Acid-fast oocyst in feces

Trichomonas Vaginalis

Mode of infection: Direct sexual contact

Site of infection: Vagina, urethra--Urogenital Flagellate

Method of diagnosis:  Wet mount to show motile trophozoites (no cysts are formed)

amoeboglagellates, primary CNS pathogens

Mode of infection:  infection of nasal (diving)

Site of infection: CNS amoebic meningoencephalitis

Method of diagnosis:  trophozoite in CSF

Amoeboflagellates (primary CNS pathogens)

Mode: infection of skin, eye, lungs and other tissue may spread through blood to CNS 

Dx: granulomatous encephalitis

Haemoflagellates

Mode of infection: Insect borne flagellates

amastigote-tissue

trypomastigote- blood plasma

Hemoflagellates

neuro

gambiense: tsetse fly, west africa

Rhodesiense- tsetse fly, east africa

American Trypanosomiasis

(chagas disease)

Trypanosoma cruzi

G.I, heart

vector: reduviid bug, Americas

Hemoflagellates

Vector: phlebotomine sand fly

Tropica- skin

Brasiliensis- nasopharnyx

Donovanii- visceral tissues

Tissue sporozoa

Blood & tissue

Vertebrate: intermediate host   mosquito: definitive host

Sporozoite (mosquito injects into blood goes to liver)-->replication and formation of schizont cell that contains many merozoite (these can enter the RBC asexual repro--> burst--> mosquito bites--> repeat )

gametocyte - sexual form, only in mosquito

Confused with malaria, differences:

tick vector (Ixodes) and non lethal, self limiting in immunocompetant or no spleen

 intermediate: vertebrate

definitive host: cat

mode: oocyst ingestion

Platyhelminthes vs Nemathelminthes (nematodes)

trematodes, Cestodes vs

Intestinal worms,  tissue worms

1st intermediate: snail

2nd intermediate: fish, crab, veggies

blood fluke

Mode of infection: swimmers itch- skin penetration by cecariae (snail)

S. Mansoni- intestinal (feces, huge spine)

S. Japonicum- Intestinal ((feces, small spine)

S. Hematobium-- urinary (urine, terminal spine)

broad tapeworm

ingestion of raw fish, BIG,

megaloblastic anemia

Beef tapeworm

intestinal disease

eggs/proglottids in feces

Pork tapeworm

tissue disease-- cysticercosis due to ingestion of eggs

egg/proglottids-- feces

Echinococcus Granulosus,

Echinococcus multilocularis

Dog tapeworms

Hydatid disease (cyst)

"the round worm"

Mode: ingestion of eff

site: adults in intestines

Dx: egg in feces

"thread worm"

MODE: penetration of skin

SITE: adult in intestine

Dx: NO EGGS, LARVAE IN FECES

"Pin worm"

#1 in U.S, children

Mode: hand to mouth

site: intestine

Dx: eggs on anal region (perianal itching), scotch tape technique

"hook worm"

Mode: penetration of Bare foot

site: intestine

Dx: eggs in feces

"hook worm"

Mode: penetration of bare foot

Site: intestine

Dx: eggs in feces

Trichinella Spiralis

"Trichinosis"

Mode: ingestion of infected meat

site: adult in intestine

Dx: larvae form cysts in muscle (muscle pain, muscle biopsy)-- Dead end unless you eat person

Vector: Simulium blackfly (breeds in river)

Dx: Nodulectomy, Larvae in nodule in subQ tissue

skin- dermatitis

eye- blindness