• Origin of all eukaryotes
• Prokaryote fused with eukaryote
• Endosymbiosis theory proposed by Lynn Margulis

• Unicellular/Eukaryotic
• Animal/Plant-like
• No cell wall
• Specialized organelles
• Colonial
• (A)sexual reproduction--binary fission
• Require moisture
• Respond to stimuli

Phylum Mastigophora

Flagellates

• Phytoflagellates--chlorophyll
• Zooflagellates--holozoic or saprozoic

Phytoflagellates

Euglena

• FW
• Pellicle
• Kinetosome
• Contractile Vacuole
• Stimga--eye spot
• Paramylon--stores fixed carbohydrates

Phytoflagellates

Volvox

• Colonial
• Symbiotic with bacteria Chlamydomonas
• Specialized cells
  
• Asexual in spring and summer
• Sexual in fall

Phytoflagellates

Dinoflagellates

• Whirling
• 2 flagella
• Biolumenescense
• Endosymbiotic with coral--zooxanthellae
• Produce redtides, ciguatera, shellfish poisoning

Zooflagellates

Trichonympha

• Mutualistic
• Digests Cellulose in termite gut

Zooflagellates

Choanoflagellates

• Solitary or colonial
• Flagellum emerges from collar
• Resembles choanocytes in sponges

Zooflagellates

Typanosoma

• Free flagellum
• Blood parasites
• T. brucei--African sleeping sickness--Tsetse fly
• T. cruzi--Chagas disease
  

Zooflagellates

Giardia

• Intestinal infection
• Backpackers diarrhea

Zooflagellates

Trichomonas

• T. vaginalis--STD

Phylum Sarcodonia

Amoebas

• Soil, FW, marine
• Contractile vacoule
• Plasma membrane
• Pseudopodia--feeding, movement
• Entamoeba histolytica--fatal intestinal disease
• Formaniniferans--CaCO3 tests--reticulopodia
• Radiolarians--Si tests--axopodia

Phylum Ciliophora

Paramecium

• Contractile vacoule
• Cytosome--mouth
• 2 nuclei--macro, micro
• Trichocysts--defense
• (A)sexual reproduction--conjunction, binary fission

Phylum Apicomplexa

Plasmodium

• Parasitic
• Cause of malaria
• Anopheles mosquito + human vecors
• Sporocytes enter liver
• Merocytes exit liver and enter RBC
• RBCs lyse and gametocytes are taken up by mosquito