Sub Clade ciliata

C. Avelolata

c. prtozoa

didinium eat up to 12 paramesium each day

Stalked Ciliates

Stentor and Voricella

S. C. Ciliates

 C. Aveolota

C. protozoa

Vort is colonial

sentor is long and tulip like

Walk like a dog. Stiff Cillia

Sub c. cliata

c. aveloata

c. protozoa

Two long flagellum

c. avelolate

c. protozoa

Parasitic

Acomplexans

c. aveloalota

c. protozoa

Small, microscopic, and see thru. Made of glass, have siloca exterior. usualy wont see anything pushing thru tests. 

sub C. radiolaria

c. rhizaria

c. protozoa

look like microscopic snails.  use calcium for thier tests. 

sub clade. foraminiferans

c. rhizaria

c. protozoa

look for brian tissue filled with sacs od this protozoa.  brain tissue is wrinkled.

s. c. plasmodoa

kinetoplasts

c. egulenazoa

c. protozoa

cats are the difinitive host, humans are an intermediate host.

parazoa

Sponge body types

who are sponges related to (precursor)?

 Body types: Ascon, Vase like.

Sycon, wiggly, jelly looking

Leucon, several openings to outside environment.  Water drawn in thru primitive cells called porocytes and pass on to beating collar cells

chanoflagellates are precursors to sponges, made up of only collar like sturctures

Caco3 sponge.  clade defined my this morphology

c. calcerous

c. parazoa

Glass sponge

glass spicules

have a skelton of glass, used for housing

c. demosponge

c. parazoa

Have radial symetrey, has two layers, and coordinated acitivity with a nerve net.

includes the cnidarians and the ctenophores

cnidarian have 4 sub clades:

anthazoa, cubazoa, schphyazoa, hydrazoa

from clade radiata

one uses colloblasts on two tentcacles to capture prey

another clade enulfs its prey

includes hard and soft bodied corals, and anenomes dont confuse coral with brightly colored hydracoral.

sub c. anathazoa

c. cnidarians

c. radiata

sub clade. anthazoa

soft bodied coral. pen is like a quill pen and the pansie looks like a liver

hard bodied coral in anthazoa.  large and a pale blue, does not have arms like the hydra coral. 

anathazoa

cnidarians

red, many holes, hard bodied coral

clade. anthazoa

c. cnidarians

hard bodied coral.  called whips and fans.  liked to medusa's hair

anathazoa

cnidarians

radiata

coast of australlia

deadly if stung.  have a box nerve net.

have camera eye, very good hunters

have 4 tentcles

cooperation in and anenome.  have differniated cells for eating, sex, and fighting.  have symbiotic relationship biolumenscent dino's.

anthazoa

cnidarians

radiata

stony corals

not sesile, move with water purpulsion through tentcles.  includes brain coral and mushroom coral.

anthazoa

cnidarians

radiata

stages of cnidarians

which clades are dominated by which stage?

Hydrazoa and anthazoa dominated by the polyupsatge.

Cubazoa and scyphazoa dominated by the medusa stage.

circular opening to nerve net

gravity sensing with statocystte

light sensing with ocellus

contract circular muscles for movement

circulate water to bring in food

passive tawlers

mouth first

mostly intesinal parasites

lophotrochozoa

protosomes

bilateria

has three subclades

c. turbanellia-flat worms

c. treamatoda-flukes

c. cestadoa-tapeworms

sub c. turbellaria

c. lophotrochozoa

c. protosomes

c. bilateria

flat worms, can regenerate body parts. glide with cillia, suck up foof with pharynx. use ocelli for light sensory. have a group of nerve called the gangleion which serves as a primitive brain. have a primitive gut thru pharynx. create nitrogenous waste, prtonephridrial system

sub c. trematoda

c. platyhelminthes

lophoytrochzoa

prtosomes

bilateria

liver fluke is flat and bicolred.  used suction cup attachment.  humans are the definitive host of liver flukes. the intermediate hosts are molluscs, mostly snails. feed thru diffusion and osmosis.

segmented! every segement has both sexual organs.(metameres, both spem and ovaries). cat and dog intestines use a scoleax for attachment. (spines and suckers)

sub c. cestodia

platyhelmethes

lophotrochzoa

prtosomes

bilateria

round worms, gut parasites. convergent with cestodia, both live in the intestines and both have spines for attachment.  but these guys have seprate sexes.  after copulation males glue the females shut. intrasexually, males will glue other males too. not segment and round with a spiny head for attachment.

C. Acanthocephalans

lophotrochzoa

prtosomes

bilateria

wheel mouth

oldest sigle sex organism on earth (parthenogenetic) only have females and only have asexual repro.  have variability due to time for plenty of mutations.  survive drying out by entering state of crytobiosos. roate cillia in a circle to bring water current in, mostly freshwater critters. have a foot with toes, used for purpulsion.

rotifera

lophptrochzoa

prtosomes

bilateria

have conserved thier morphologies among differnt species.

nematodes

ecdysomes

protosomes

bilateraira

this is a highly studied clear nematode.  it has been fate mapped.  vuluva is created from induction from signal of the anchor cell. 

nematoda

nematodes

ecdysomes

protosomes

non parasitic

nematode

nematoda

ecdysomes

protosomes

nematodes!!

nematoda

ecdysomes

protosomes

bilateria

horse hair worms

lophotorochzoa

protosomes

bilateria

shells animals

muslce foot and viceral mass (organs)

slugs, snails, shelled fish

3 layer shell. 

opistobranchs

palmoriata

prosobranchs

looks like a tooth. uses foot and mantle to burrow into ground. feeds on benthic detritis

used as money by indians, would harvest with bottom brush.

c. scaphopoda

c. mollusca

c. lophptrochozoa

have eight plates

ploy-plates

segemented for ahdesion to non-flat surfaces

different levels of mantale coverge (extreme, gumboot)

polyplacophorans

molusca

lophotrochazoa

use byssal threads to ahere to surfaces

color morphs due to light reflection needs.  s. more brown, n. more blue

lost cephalization

bivalvia

molusca

lophotrochazoa

have ocelli to watch for predatores

sessile

move with jet purpulsion

lost cephalazation

 bivalva

mollusca

 lophotrochazoa

a small burrowing clam

columbus ship once riddled with these clams

huge variety of shell morpholgies

one shell

circular shell

variety bleived because of the number of predators in the tropics

c. mollusca

2 shells

look for hinge

look for muscle scares

slugs

mollucs that lack shells

some sea creates harvet nematoycts (stinging cells) and place them on back for protection

camera eye (convergent with humans)

chromataphores used for coloration

aimable siphon for movement

good hunters: 3 hearts, 2 tentacles, 8 arms, beak like mouth

internal shell

look like a squid

ceplapoda

mollusca

octopus in a tiny shell

not a natulis

cephlapoda

mollusca

chambered shells

they are circular but chambered

tiger stipped edges

porocytes: are the cells water is drawn through

Collar cells: beating flagella catch food

ameobocyts: turn into specialized cells as needed

mesoyl:adhesion molecules

the cnidarians stinging cells

eject a nematocyte which has a fluid filled nueotoxicn to catch their pray.  nudibranchs eat cnidarians and use nematocytes on thier back as a defence.