Term
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Definition
Animal-like protists: Ciliates
Nutrition: heterotroph; cilia line oral groove, food moves into pharynx,
egest through the anal pore, eat protists and yeast
Locomotion: cilia over whole body
Protective adaptations: trichocysts discharge filament-like proteins to
anchor to surface or catch prey; contractile vacuoles for water balance
Other unusual characteristics: live in fresh water; covered by a stiff, flexible
pellicle; rounded front and pointed end; can regenerate as long as small
piece of the nucleus remains, two types of nuclei: macro and micro;
reproduce by binary fission (asexual) and conjugation (sexual)
Kingdom or Phylum: Kingdom Protista, Clade Alveolata (named for
membrane bound sacs under plasma membrane that look like alveoli in the
lungs) |
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Term
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Definition
Animal-like protists: Ciliates
Nutrition: heterotroph
Locomotion: cilia and circlet of membranes; heterotrichs because
they have different cilial structures on different parts of body
Protective adaptations: lengthwise contractile fibers (myonemes
similar to the Vorticella) can shorten the body
Other unusual characteristics: attaches when feeding; large nucleus
resembling a string of beads and many small nuclei; amazing
powers to regenerate even from a small portion of the cell;
primary photosensor is called stentorin
Kingdom or Phylum: Same as Paramecium |
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Term
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Definition
Animal-like protists: Ciliates
Nutrition: heterotrophic filter feeders; eat bacteria found in
decaying vegetation
Locomotion: cilia
Protective adaptations: photophobic; photosensory pigments in
the pellicle located in pigment granules called blepharismins
Other unusual characteristics: pale pink to bright red with
pigmentation granules; have undulating membrane and a single
contractile vacuole with no canals
Kingdom or Phylum: same as Paramecium |
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Term
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Definition
Animal- like protists: Ciliates
Nutrition: heterotroph; feeds mainly on diatoms, dinoflagellates,
bacteria
Locomotion: cilia around the broad end of the bell shaped body
Protective adaptations: large (500-1000μm), makes cysts that can
stay dormant
Other unusual characteristics: keyhole shaped peristome starts at
anterior end ends at central part of cell
Kingdom or Phylum: same as Paramecium |
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Term
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Definition
Animal-like protists
Apicomplexans (named for apical structure that helps
parasite enter host cell, found at apex of cell)
•spore forming
•internal parasites
•alternation between haploid and diploid forms
•immobile |
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Term
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Definition
Animal-like protists: Sporozoa
Nutrition: obligate parasite
Locomotion: no known method
Protective adaptations: apex contains complex of organelles used
to penetrate the host cell (apicoplastid)
Other unusual characteristics: non-photosynthetic plastid or
apicoplastid believed to originate from a chloroplast so these may
have once been photosynthetic; transferred by the bite of the
female Anopheles mosquitos; causes malaria
Kingdom or Phylum: Kingdom Protista; Phylum or clade
Diplomonadida; some put in Kingdom Archezoa since it lacks
mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
•caused by protozoan Plasmodium
•transmitted by bite of female Anopheles mosquito
•life cycle part in human part in mosquito
•infects human blood & liver cells |
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Term
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Definition
Plant-like protists: Euglenoidea
Nutrition: photosynthetic or mixotrophs; storage molecule is
paramylon
Locomotion: pocket at one end where 2 flagella come from; has
euglenoid movement
Protective adaptations: contractile vacuole for water balance; has
light sensitive eyespot called stigma, (positive phototropism)
Other unusual characteristics: photosynthetic flagellate; has an
elastic pellicle
Kingdom or Phylum: Kingdom Protista; Clad Euglenozoa; Euglenids
•Store the glucose polymer paramylon
•Pellicle: protein bands beneath plasma membrane give strength and
flexibility |
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Term
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Definition
Plant-like protists
Nutrition: marine and freshwater phytoplankton so they are
photosynthetic (contain chlorophylls); some heterotrophs
Locomotion: 2 flagella located in a groove; protective cellulose
plates cover dinoflagellates
Protective adaptations: contain carotenoids; produce toxins eaten
by mollusks and then humans; some cause Red Tide
Other unusual characteristics: cause red tide (contain
carotenoids); main food source for the coral reefs;
bioluminescence
Kingdom or Phylum: Kingdom Protista; Phylum Alveolata;
Dinoflagellates |
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Term
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Definition
Plant-like protists:
•reproduce by binary fission
•produce glass-like shells or “tests” made of silica
•lack flagella
•major component of phytoplankton
•produce diatomaceous earth used commercially as
filtering agents or abrasives |
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Term
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Definition
Clade
•have flagella
•body type similar to some sponge cells
•some systematists place in Animal kingdom
•colonial
•ancestor to animals? |
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Term
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Definition
•slime molds
•live on damp soil, logs, decaying matter
•saprophytes- heterotrophs that obtain food by
eating detritis
•life cycle- alternation of generation between
plasmodium (vegetative) stage and fruiting body
(spore-forming) stage
•plasmodium stage is multinucleate with long hyphae
•high surface area to volume ratio
•efficient exchange/absorption of nutrients and
materials across cell membrane |
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