Term
Unlike plants, fungi do not possess _________ and their cells walls are composed of _________.
Fungi are _________ and gain nutrition through absorption by undergoing _________ _________.
Fungi reproduce by _________ (primarily _________; some _________).
Most fungi do not have _________ cells.
Fungi are primarily _________ and are the principal degraders of dead organic matter in the biosphere.
Fungi primarily have a _________ body plan.
They can be _________ cells (yeast) or _________ (hyphae, threadlike filaments). |
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Definition
1) Chlorophyll
2) Chitin
3) Heterotrophic
4) Extracellular Digestion
5) Spores
6) Sexual
7) Asexual
8) Flagellated
9) Saprotrophs
10) Filamentous
11) Single
12) Multicellular |
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Term
| _________ is a nitrogen based carbohydrate found in the cell walls of fungi that allow them to be extremely resistant to breakdown by microorganisms. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1) Degraders of dead organic matter in the biosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) A nitrogen based carbohydrate which makes fungi extremely resistant to the breakdown of microorganisms. |
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Term
| As hyphae grow they form a tangled mass or tissue like aggregation known as a __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cells of hyphae are divided by __________ and pores within them regulate the movement of cytoplasm between cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| Filaments without septum are __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hyphae can create a compact mass called a __________ which stores __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ are threadlike filaments. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ are barriers which divide hyphae. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is a tangled mass or tissue formed by the growth of hyphae. |
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Definition
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Term
| A __________ is a hyphae (filament) without septum. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1) The fusion of two haploid nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) The fusion of two cytoplasms. |
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Term
| what does dikaryotic mean? |
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Definition
| 1) The condition of having two nuclei per cell (n+n); a characteristic of certain fungal hyphae. |
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Term
Chytrids are the most __________ fungi, as they are the closest descendants to ancestral __________.
Chytrids are the only fungi that have __________ cells.
The __________ and __________ of chytrids are flagellate.
Chytrids are primarily __________ and possess a simple body plan called a __________ which has slender extensions called __________ which anchor it to a food source to obtain nutrients. |
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Definition
1) Primitive
2) Protists
3) Flagellate
4) Gametes
5) Zoospores
6) Unicellular
7) Thallus
8) Rhizoids |
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Term
| __________ are the most primitive type of fungi and resemble most closely to __________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1) A thallus is a unicellular, simple body plan that chytrids possesses. |
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Term
Zygomycetes have __________ hyphae and produce zygospores in spore sacs called __________.
Zygomycota hyphae are of two different mating types (__________) + and -; reproduction occurs between the two types.
When zygospores germinate __________ hyphae grow out of a mycelial mass.
Each __________ hyphae has an enlarges sphere at the top called a __________ containing spores of rhizopus stolonifer (__________ __________ __________, a decomposer that breaks down bread and other foods).
__________ spores burst from sporangium and are released into the air; they germinate to form a new hyphae. |
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Definition
1) Coenocytic
2) Sporangia
3) Heterothallic
4) Aerial
5) Aerial
6) Sporangium
7) Black bread mold
8) Haploid |
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Term
| What does coenocytic hyphae mean? |
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Definition
| 1) A coenocytic hyphae is an organism consisting of hyphae without septum. |
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Term
| Explain sexual reproduction in Zygomycota. |
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Definition
| 1) Two different mating types (heterothallic) + and - mate together and germinate to form a mycelial mass. |
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Term
Glomeromycets are symbionts that form intracellular associations (__________) with plant roots.
__________ fungi extend their hyphae into root cells.
__________ mycorrhizae are the most common endomycorrhizae in which the hyphae inside __________ cells (part of tree) form branched, tree-like structures called __________.
Glomeromycetes have __________ hyphae and reproduce __________ with large, multinucleate spores (__________). |
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Definition
1) Mycorrhizae
2) Endomycorrhizae
3) Arbuscular
4) Root
5) Arbuscles
6) Coenocytic
7) Asexually
8) Blastospores
6) |
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Term
Mycorrhizae are symbiotic fungi related to __________.
They form associations with plant __________.
Mycorrhizae decompose nutrients for the plant, and increase absorptive __________ __________.
In exchange for absorbing nutrients, the plant provides __________. |
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Definition
1) Zygomycetes
2) Roots
3) Surface area
4) Sugars |
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Term
__________ are often referred to as sac fungi because their sexual spores are produced in microscopic sacs called __________.
Ascomycetes undergo asexual reproduction through a production of spores called __________ which forms at the tip of specialized hyphae called __________.
Yeast undergoes asexual reproduction by __________. |
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Definition
1) Ascomycetes
2) Conidia
3) Conidiophores
4) Budding |
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Term
| In sexual reproduction, ascomycetes can be __________ or __________. It involves the growth of gametangia toward one another, eventually forming a hyphal filament with septa. During sexual reproduction, all ascomycetal cells are __________ (two separate nuclei) until they fuse together. Nuclei from one hyphae moves in to another hyphal cells and forms outgrowths of __________ cells. __________ hyphae form the fruiting body called the __________ which is formed by multiple hyphae growing together. In sexual reproduction, the acomycetal zygote undergoes __________, then immediately after the four (4) cells undergo __________ and produce eight (8) cells called __________. |
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Definition
| 1) Heterothallic 2) Homothallic 3) Dikaryotic 4) Dikaryotic 5) Dikaryotic 6) Monokayotic 7) Ascocarp 8) Meiosis 9) Mitosis 10) Ascospores |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) Tip of specialized hyphae which have conidia. |
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Term
| Why are ascomycetes called sac fungi? |
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Definition
| 1) Sexual spores are produced in microscopic sacs called asci. |
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Term
Basidiomycota are the __________ and most familiar of the fungi (mushrooms, bracket fungi, puffballs).
Bascomycetes are also known as __________ __________ because of club shaped __________ which is an enlarged hyphal cell that undergoes meiosis to form __________.
Each basidiospore has the potential to become a __________ __________ whose hyphae consist of monokaryotic cells. |
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Definition
1) Largest
2) Club Fungi
3) Basidia
4) Basidiospores
5) Primary mycelium |
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Term
In sexual reproduction, __________ basidiomycota fuse (+ and -) keeping the two __________ (n) nuclei separate forming a __________ __________ with __________ hyphae (n+n).
When conditions are favorable the hyphae forms a compact mass called __________ which grows into a fruiting body called the mushroom which is usually referred to as the __________ (includes stalk and cap)
The lower surface of the cap (referred to as __________) is the area of __________. |
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Definition
1) Heterothallic
2) Haploid
3) Secondary mycelium
4) Dikaryotic
5) Buttons
6) Basidiocarp
7) Gills
8) Karyogamy |
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Term
| Why are basidiomycetes known as club fungi? |
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Definition
| 1) Due to the distinct "club shape" of the basidia. |
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Term
| What is the comparable structure in basidiomycetes to asci of ascomycetes? |
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Definition
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Term
__________ are often referred to as "imperfect fungi" primarily due to their unknown reproductive cycle.
Deuteromycetes produce the antibiotic __________; those that cause athlete's foot and yeast infections are referred to as __________ fungi.
The term "Deuteromycota" is now used only informally to denote species of fungi that are __________ reproducing members of ascomycota and basidiomycota. |
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Definition
1) Deuteromycota
2) Penicillin
3) Imperfect
4) Asexually |
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Term
A __________ is a __________ relationship (controlled parasitism) between fungi and green algae or cyanobacteria.
Lichens can be used to detect __________ __________ (absorb minerals from air, rain water, and surface but cannot perform __________ so they are very sensitive to toxins). |
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Definition
1) Lichen
2) Symbiotic
3) Air pollution
4) Excrete |
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Term
A __________ is a mutualistic relationship between the fungus and plant root where the __________ is responsible for getting water and minerals (__________) to the plant while the __________ provides sugar and amino acids to the fungi.
Mycorrhizae can utilize moisture from air as a source of __________ and can capture nutrients from __________ to support growth. |
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Definition
1) Mycorrhizae
2) Fungus
3) Phosphorus
4) Plant
5) Water
6) Dust |
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Term
| Fungi provide _________ and _________; have contributed to _________; are the cause of many important plant _________; and some cause animal _________. |
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Definition
1) Beverages and food
2) Medicine
3) Diseases
4) Diseases |
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Term
| What kind of relationship exists between fungi and green algae (cyanobacteria) |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ can be used to detect air pollution. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the significance of mycorrhizae? |
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Definition
| 1) The mycorrhizae provide a mutualistic relationship where the fungus is responsible for getting water and the plant provides sugar and amino acids. |
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Term
| __________ are also called sac fungi. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ are better known as club fungi. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ are the most primitive fungi. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ are the "imperfect fungi." |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the ploidy of an ascospore? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which fungi reproduce asexually using conidia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Symbiotic relationship (controlled parasitism) between fungi and green algae or cyanobacteris is called __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the ploidy of basidia in basidiomycota life cycle? |
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Definition
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