Term
| What constitutes a living entity? |
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Definition
Reproduce
Self-repair
Metabolism
Evolve (change over time) |
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Term
| Defining characteristics of prokaryotes? |
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Definition
Lack nucleus
Single-celled
Single Circular Chromosome
Asexual: Binary Fission |
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Term
| Defining characteristics of protista? |
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Definition
Not animal
Not plant
Not fungi
Eukaryotic |
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Term
| What taxon nickname are protista called? And why? |
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Definition
| Waste Basket Taxon, because whatever doesn't fit in other taxons gets thrown in this one. |
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Term
| How would you describe the body plan and structure of protista? |
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Definition
| Simple, unicellular, colonial, or multicellular. |
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Term
| Types of locomotion for Protista? |
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Definition
Cilia
Flagella
Passive
Non-motile
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Term
| Are flagella homologous of not homologous with prokaryotes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sexual reproduction for protista is used for? |
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Definition
| When there is a stressful enviroment. In this case a cyst is formed (similar to an endospore). |
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Term
| When is asexual reproduction used for in kingdom protista? |
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Definition
| When there is no stress for the organism and everything is normal. |
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Term
| The 3 Sexual Life Cycles. |
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Definition
| Haplontic, Diplontic, Alternation of Generation. |
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Term
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Definition
In gametic meiosis , instead of immediately dividing meiotically to produce haploid cells, the zygote divides mitotically to produce a multicellular diploid individual or a group of more unicellular diploid cells. Cells from the diploid individuals then undergo meiosis to produce haploid cells or gametes. Haploid cells may divide to form more haploid cells, as in many yeasts, but the haploid phase is not the predominant life cycle phase. In most diplonts, mitosis occurs only in the diploid phase, i.e. gametes usually form quickly and fuse to produce diploid zygotes.
In the whole cycle, gametes are usually the only haploid cells, and mitosis usually occurs only in the diploid phase.
The diploid multicellular individual is a diplont , hence a gametic meiosis is also called a diplontic life cycle |
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Term
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Definition
A zygotic meiosis is a meiosis of a zygote immediately after karyogamy, which is the fusion of two cell nuclei. This way, the organism ends its diploid phase and produces several haploid cells. These cells divide mitotically to form either larger, multicellular individuals, or more haploid cells. Two opposite types of gametes (e.g., male and female) from these individuals or cells fuse to become a zygote.
In the whole cycle, zygotes are the only diploid cell; mitosis occurs only in the haploid phase. |
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Term
| Alternation of Generation |
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Definition
| The alternation of generations (also known as alternation of phases[1] or metagenesis) describes the life cycle of plants, fungi and protists. A multicellular diploid phase alternates with a multicellular haploid phase. The term can be confusing for people familiar only with the life cycle of a typical animal. A more understandable name would be "alternation of phases of a single generation" because we usually consider a generation of a species to encompass one complete life cycle. The life cycle of organisms with "alternation of generations" is characterized by each phase consisting of one of two distinct organisms: a gametophyte (thallus (tissue) or plant), which is genetically haploid, and a sporophyte (thallus or plant), which is genetically diploid. A haploid plant of the gametophyte generation produces gametes by mitosis. Two gametes (originating from different organisms of the same species or from the same organism) combine to produce a zygote, which develops into a diploid plant of the sporophyte generation. This sporophyte produces spores by meiosis, which germinate and develop into a gametophyte of the next generation. This cycle, from gametophyte to gametophyte, is the way in which all land plants and many algae undergo sexual reproduction. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the life cycle of a plant or algae undergoing alternation of generations, a haploid cell produced in the sporophyte by meiosis. A spore can divide by mitosis to develop into a multicellular haploid individual, the gametophyte, without fusing with another cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote. |
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Term
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Definition
| The diploid product of the union of haploid gamets during fertilization; a fertelized egg. |
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Term
| Possible ancestors to chloroplast? |
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Definition
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Term
| Protist have a greater what than bacteria? Why? |
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Definition
| Diversity, because bacteria only have three shapes. |
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Term
| Modes of Nutrition for Protista> |
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Definition
| Photosynthetic autotrophs, haterotrophs, mixotrophs, plankton. |
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Term
| What evidence do we have for endosymbiotic hypothesis? |
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Definition
| The nucleus has a double membrane, which is an advantage. Also, the mitochondria and chloroplast have a double membrane, single and circular DNA, its own tRNA and ribosomes, and it replicates using binary fission. |
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Term
| Diplomonadida and Parabasla |
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Definition
-Flagellated heterotrophs w/o mitochondria
-Parasite that lost mitochondria
-It MUST be a parasite, becasue it can't produce ATP |
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Term
| Euglenoids and Kinetoplastids |
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Definition
-Flagellated, heterotrophs, photosynthetic, mixotrophs
ex: Euglena- varied nutrition, phagocytosis
ex: Trypanosoma- Parasitic, kinetoplast-->DNA
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Alveolata- Dinoflagellates |
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Definition
Dinoflegellates, flagellated, phytoplankton; Plastidss with 4 membranes
Plate=Cellulose
a bloom of them is called a "red tide", or bioaccumulation
Pfiesteria piscicida- serious problem, carnivorous |
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Term
| Alveolata- apicomplexans (sporozoans) |
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Definition
Parasite with infective "spore"
Plasmodium causes malaria
Cryptosporidium
Toxoplasmosis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Stramenopila- Oomycota (water molds)
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Definition
-Mostly decomposer
-Phytophthora ramorum: sudden oak death (SOD)
-Phytophthora infestans: Irish Potato Famine
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Term
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Definition
-Plastid with three membranes
-Glass-shelled phytoplankton
-Diatomaceous earth (layer of earth that is filled with diatoms) |
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Term
Stramenopila- Chrysophyta (golden algae)
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Definition
-Plastid with 3 membranes
-carotene and xanthophyll pigments
-Mixotrophic |
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Term
| Stramenopila- Phaeophyta (brown algae) |
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Definition
-Plastids with 3 membranes
-Seaweds, kelp
-Food source
-Algin: used in fertilizer, ice cream, pudding |
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Term
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Definition
-Red seaweed
-They are a food source
-Agar: gel caps, nutrient in plates
-Used in wraps for sushi |
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Term
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Definition
-Plastid with 2 membranes
-Photoautotrophs similar to plants
-Cell wall has chlorophyll a&b and starch |
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Term
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Definition
-Heterotrophs with pseudopods that go through phagocytosis
**Rhizopods**
Amoeba, Entamoeba histolytica: Causes dysentery
-Actinopoda
-radiolarians: silica shells make chert (flint)
-Foraminifera: forams which make chalk |
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Term
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Definition
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