Term
| What is the same in structure of all amino acids? |
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Definition
-Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Nitrogen C,H,O,N
-Back Bone structure |
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Term
| What is different in the structure of all amino acids? |
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Definition
-Size of the chain
-polar or nonpolar
-negative or positive |
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Term
| How many amino acids are their? |
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Definition
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Term
| What determines the shape of a protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the shape important? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many amino acids are essential? What does that mean? |
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Definition
| 9 amino acids cant be manufactured. Consumption by diet. |
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Term
| What is transamination? Why is this important? |
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Definition
changing of amino acid into another to make up for the deficiency of the essential amino acid.
important to rise the limiting amino acid so they are balanced. |
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Term
| What are the functions of a protein? Describe each. |
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Definition
Transportation into and out of cells.
-Hormones- Insulin, ghrelin
-Antibodies
-Acid base balance
-Proteins are buffers
-Fluid balance
-growth of tissue |
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Term
What enzyme is involved in the digestion of a protein the stomach?
What stomach acid? What does the acid do? |
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Definition
| Piscine, Hydrochloric acid-denatures proteins. |
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Term
| What enzyme is involved in digestion from the pancreas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme is involved in digestion of proteins in the small intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Destroys the structure with acid and heat. |
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Term
| What are complete and incomplete proteins? Where are they found? Who needs to be concerned about this? |
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Definition
Complete- all 9 essential amino acids in animal products.
Incomplete- are when they are missing one or more of the essential amino acids. Nuts, grains,
-Vegans |
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Term
| What is the name of the copy of the DNA that travels outside the nucleus?How does it know what kind of protein to make? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the job of transfer RNA? |
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Definition
| Translates a code to combine amino acids. |
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Term
| What is a limiting amino acid? What happens when a cell runs out of this amino acid? |
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Definition
| Lowest or deficient amino acid that you can eat. transamination |
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Term
| how do you determine a personal RDA? |
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Definition
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Term
what is the difference between positive nitrogen balance, negative nitrogen balance, and nitrogen balance?
example of each |
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Definition
only way body gets nitrogen is through protein (protein balance)
positive nitrogen-more protein coming in the body than going out, higher protein levels for building up muscles and tissue
ex: Growth, Pregnancy, Lactation
negative nitrogen-not enough protein coming in more going out
ex: malnutrition, Starvation, Inadequate essential amino acids |
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Term
| what are the risks of too much protein in the diet? too little? advantages to consuming large amounts (150-200g) of protein? any disadvantages? |
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Definition
too much protein-high blood cholesterol, bone loss, kidney disease
too little protein-anemia greater number of infections, irritable, skin rash, changes to hair texture, shock-death
large amounts of protein can give kidney stones, weight gain, high cholesterol |
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Term
| what is deamination? where does it occur? why does it occur? |
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Definition
| nh3 (ammonia) is removed from amino acids and turned into urea in the liver. (ammonia is toxic so its turned into urea to be excreted) |
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Term
| what is urea? where does it come from? where does it go? |
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Definition
| urea is ammonia plus CO2 it is taken from the liver into the kidneys and then excreted in urine |
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