Term
|
Definition
Nailed 95 Theses to the Wittenburg Cathedral. Argued against the sale of indulgences. Despite his being a reformer, he maintained the doctrine of transubstantian in hopes that his followers could someday be reconciled with the Catholic Church. Subscribing to transubstantiation meanth that he could not agree with fellow reformer Zwingli. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
full or partial remission of temporal punishment due for sins which have already been forgiven |
|
|
Term
Ninety-five Theses (1517) |
|
Definition
widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. The disputation protests against clerical abuses, especially the sale of indulgences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
God's pardon for guilty sinners is granted to and received through faith, conceived as excluding all "works", alone. All humanity, it is asserted, is fallen and sinful, under the curse of God, and incapable of saving itself from God's wrath and curse. But God, on the basis of the life, death, and resurrection of his Son, Jesus Christ alone (solus Christus), grants sinners judicial pardon, or justification, which is received solely through faith. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
priesthood of all believers |
|
Definition
responsibility or right to preach and expound the Christian faith, and this is appointed to every member of the church. |
|
|
Term
The Freedom of a Christian (1520) |
|
Definition
Work written by Martin Luther that developed the concept that as fully forgiven children of God, Christians are no longer compelled to keep God's law; however, they freely and willingly serve God and their neighbors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Issued an edict: For this reason we forbid anyone from this time forward to dare, either by words or by deeds, to receive, defend, sustain, or favor the said Martin Luther. On the contrary, we want him to be apprehended and punished as a notorious heretic, as he deserves, to be brought personally before us, or to be securely guarded until those who have captured him inform us, where upon we will order the appropriate manner of proceeding against the said Luther. Those who will help in his capture will be rewarded generously for their good work. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Leader of the Anabaptists. Agreed with Lutheran reforms except for the doctrine of transubstantiation. He maintained that communion was only a symbol and never actually become the body and blood of Christ. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A meeting of German and Swiss theologians called by Phillip of Hesse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spells out Anabaptist principles |
|
|
Term
Revolutionary Anabaptists |
|
Definition
More radical Anabaptists that shirked pacifism in order to stand for their beliefs and themselves. They were lead first by Melchior Hoffman, then John Mattys and John of Leiden. They took Munster and expelled the Catholics and Lutherans in the city. It was sieged and captured by the Catholics and Lutherans and the leaders were executed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Joined a Dutch Anabaptist fellowship. Taught Christians should obey authorities unless what they were asked to do was expressly forbidden by scripture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Followers of Menno Simons' teachings. Spread throughout North America, South America, and Eastern Europe. Pacifistic group that still contributes to society through social service. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
French born theologian who studied theology and law in Paris, Orleans, and Bruges. Later went on to set up a theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland. Published his book called the Institutes. |
|
|
Term
Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536) |
|
Definition
John Calvin's book that spoke against Rome's "false sacraments". Divided into 4 parts. The first edition was in Latin with a second edition quickly following in French. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Christ died only for those whom God predestined for salvation, not for those whom God predestined to Hell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form of Church governance in Geneva. 5 pastors and 12 elders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Wrote a book that explained the trinity as heresy. Was burnt at the stake at the order of Calvin in Geneva. |
|
|
Term
Isabella & Ferdinand of Spain |
|
Definition
Reformers of the Spanish church. Received permission from the Pope to appoint new bishops. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
To enforce Christian orthodoxy in Spain. Jews and Muslims were ordered to convert or be exiled. Many went into exile, and those that remained were always suspected of practising Judaism or Islam in secret and could be called to Inquisitory court to defend themselves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Founder of the Discalced Carmelites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chronicles the spiritual life of Teresa and describes her mystical experiences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Barefoot. This order follows the monastic lifestyle "more strictly" than others that were around at the time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Started out as a courtier for Charles V and later became a monk after he was wounded in battle and found comfort in the stories of Jesus and the apostles. Founded the Jesuits. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A work in which Ignatius of Loyola chronicles his life in the third person, careful to explain the story behind why he was drawn to a monastic lifestyle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Training manual for a follower of Christ in which Ignatius tells followers to meditate upon certain things, like hell, and that the goal is to find out what God wants you to do and to do it. |
|
|
Term
Society of Jesus (Jesuits) |
|
Definition
Opposed Protestants both intellectually and politically. Were confessors for Catholic princes. Became missionaries in the far east and the new world, but were expelled from Spanish possessions in the new world in the mid 1700s due to their growing political clout back in Europe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
She founded the Order of Ursulines in 1535 in Brescia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
founded at Brescia, Italy, by Saint Angela de Merici in November 1535, primarily for the education of girls and the care of the sick and needy. First Catholic Nuns in the new world, they left for Canada from France. |
|
|
Term
Council of Trent (1545-63) |
|
Definition
In reality, a series of meetings, it issued the obligations of clergy in the Catholic church, the use of relics and indulgences, the founding of seminaries and the training of clergy, and promoted the study of Thomas Aquinas. |
|
|