Term
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Definition
Amino group
Acid group
Side group varies |
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Term
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Definition
9 essential (cannot make or cannot make enough)
11 nonessential |
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Term
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Definition
Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine |
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Term
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Definition
Peptide bonds
Linked with H2O, condensation |
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Term
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Definition
Dipeptide contains 2 amino acids
Tripeptide contains 3 amino acids
Polypeptide contains >3 amino acids |
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Term
| 4 Structure classifications of proteins |
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Definition
1st: Sequence
2nd: Shape, sheets or helices (electrical attraction)
3rd: Tangles (hydrophobic, hydrophilic)
4th: Polypeptide interaction to form functional protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Disrupts stability, uncoils protein, causes it to lose shape. HCL, heat, heavy metal |
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Term
| Digestion and absorption in stomac |
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Definition
HCL denatures and turns pepsinogen into pepsin.
Pepsin cleaves proteins into smaller polypeptides and into amino acids |
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Term
| Digestion and absorption in SI |
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Definition
Proteases cut polypeptides.
Peptidases cut them into single amino acids. By the end, all amino acids are absorbed |
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Term
| Protein synthesis in body |
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Definition
DNA transcribed to RNA which is translated to a protein.
AKA gene expression |
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Term
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Definition
Structure: Collagen
Enzymes: Catalysts
Hormones
Fluid balance: Proteins attract water
pH balance: Buffers
Transporters: Hemoblobin, lipoproteins, pumps.
Antibodies
Energy/glucose: gluconeogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Stripped on Nitrogen containing amino group. Leaves ammonia and keto acid |
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Term
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Definition
N in = N out
Positive N: N in > N out
Negative N: N in < N out |
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Term
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Definition
Neurotransmitters like Serotonin
Fat when there is excessive protein
Melanin
Throxin |
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Term
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Definition
| Amino acids in blood enter liver. Liver converts Ammonia to urea. Urea leaves liver, enters blood then to kidneys where it is filtered and excreted |
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Term
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Definition
1. Digestability (animal 95%, plant 70%)
2. Amino acid composition
3. Reference protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Autosomal recessive. Can't transport trptofane which is associated with Niacin deficiency. Treatment is high protein diet or nicotinic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Losing cystine. Precipitates at a low pH. Kidney stones cannot reabsorb what to do with excretion. Treatmen is low protein diet |
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Term
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Definition
Can't handle
causes brain damage |
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Term
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Definition
Neurological manifestations
restrict protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Dietary proteins containing all the essential amino acids. In relatively the same amounts that we require. May also contain non-e |
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Term
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Definition
| Two or more proteins, whose amino acid assortments complement each other in such a way that the essential amino acid missing from one are supplied by other. |
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Term
| Health effects of protein |
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Definition
Animal protein intake and heart disease
Veggie protein improves BP, blood lipids and decreases HR, homocystine |
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Term
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Definition
| Due more to lack of calcium than to excess protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Don't push protein at the expense of nutrient rich fruits and veggies |
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Term
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Definition
Slow growth, impaired brain and kidney function, poor immunity.
Heart disease correlation, homocystine levels: oxidative |
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Term
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Definition
Vision problems
Skeletal abnormalities |
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