Term
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Definition
| site of amino acid attachment to tRNA, formed by base pairing btw nts at 5' and 3' end of tRNA, most stabilized by 7 bps, 3'-CCA_OH not base paired |
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Term
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Definition
| key component of protein synthetic machinery that carries amino acids activated to aminoacyl-AMP to bind to cognate tRNA (charged tRNA) |
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Term
| aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase |
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Definition
| tRNA specific, catalyzes adenylyl (AMP) group transfer from ATP to amino acid's alpha-carboxyl group and aminoacyl group transfer from aminoacyl-adenylate to tRNA |
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Term
| amino terminus (N-terminus) |
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Definition
| terminal of protein that binds to growing peptide during translation, beginning of protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| trinucleotide that base pairs with the codon in mRNA in an antiparallel fashion |
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Term
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Definition
| arm of tRNA that is a stem loop structure that exposes anticodon triplet at one end and varies in size from one tRNA molecule to another, across from acceptor arm |
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Term
| carboxyl terminus (C-terminus) |
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Definition
| adenylyl group is transferred from ATP to this terminus, end of protein synthesis |
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Term
| cell free translation system |
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Definition
| in vitro translation system |
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Term
| clover leaf secondary structure |
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Definition
| D arm, anticodon arm, acceptor stem, C arm |
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Term
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Definition
| particular sequence of three adjacent nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid |
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Term
| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
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Definition
| organelle that is a continuous intracellular tubular membrane network involved in the synthesis of lipds, membrane proteins, and secretory proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| mutation caused by a deletion or insertion that is not a multiple of three base pairs, thus changes the frame in which triplets are translated into protein |
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Term
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Definition
| nonoverlapping, commaless, almost universal, highly degenerate, unambiguous, confirmed by synthetic messengers with strictly defined base sequences |
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Term
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Definition
| large ribonucleoprotein complex consisting of two subunits that functions as a protein synthetic factory to make specific polypeptides as directed by mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| regions of the ER studded with ribosomes, which appear rough or grainy in electron micrographs |
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Term
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Definition
| regions of ER that lack ribosomes that have a smooth appearance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nucleotide triplet within mRNA that signals termination of translation, brings release factor |
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Term
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Definition
| small RNA molecule that carries a specific amino acid building block to the ribosome for incorporation into the growing polypeptide chain. A three nucleotide sequence in tRNA (the anticodon) pairs with a three nucleotide sequence in the mRNA (the codon) that is bound to the ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of play in base pairing between first base of anticodon and third base of codon that permits nonstandard base pairing |
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Term
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Definition
| hypothesis that accounts for the ability of a tRNA to recognize more than one codon by unusual pairing with the third base of a codon, codon and anticodon form antiparallel base pairs, first two bases form standard Watson-Crick base pairs with last two bases in anticodon, wobble |
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