Term
| Information encoded in __________ specifies the sequences of amino acids in proteins and it involves two vital processes - __________ & __________. |
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Definition
1) DNA
2) Transcription
3) Translation |
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Term
__________ -> __________ -> __________
Thus DNA is __________ to form RNA and mRNA is __________ to form a __________. |
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Definition
1) DNA -> RNA -> Protein
2) Transcribed
3) Translated
4) Polypeptide |
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Term
| __________ and __________ demonstrated the relationship between genes and proteins in the 1940s. |
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Definition
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Term
RNA is composed of:
-__________ sugar
-__________ (instead of thymine) with the other three remaining nucleotide bases: __________, __________, and __________.
-Subunits __________ (type of bond) joined by 5'-3' linkages to form alternating sugar __________ backbone.
-Three types:
++__________ or __________ __________
++__________ or __________ __________
++__________ or __________ __________ |
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Definition
1) Ribose
2) Uracil
3) Adenine
4) Guanine
5) Cytosine
6) Covalently
7) Phosphate
8) mRNA or messenger RNA
9) rRNA or ribosomal RNA
10) tRNA or transfer RNA |
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Term
| Is uracil a purine or pyrimidine base? |
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Definition
| 1) Uracil is a pyrimidine base |
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Term
| Uracil forms a complementary base pair with which other base? |
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Definition
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Term
A __________ is a long chain of amino acids.
They function as __________, structural and storage proteins, __________, etc. |
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Definition
1) Protein
2) Enzymes
3) Hormones |
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Term
A __________ is three nucleotide bases which determine the order of amino acids in the protein.
The __________ is the complementary base pairing with the codon.
-Also possesses __________. |
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Definition
1) Codon
2) Anticodon
3) tRNA |
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Term
What is the start codon?
What are the three possible stop codons? |
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Definition
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Term
In DNA, each protein is encoded by a __________ - a specific sequence of DNA nucleotides that specify how a single protein is to be made.
There are only __________ DNA bases but there are __________ possible amino acids that can be used for proteins.
A three (3) base codon thus yields __________ possible patterns and hence the genetic code is redundant. |
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Definition
1) Gene
2) Four (4)
3) Twenty (20)
4) 64 |
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Term
__________ is the process of "copying" one kind of nucleic acid (__________) to another kind of nucleic acid (__________).
__________ -> __________
mRNA is produced in the __________ and then it moves to the __________ through the nuclear pores. |
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Definition
1) Transcription
2) DNA
3) RNA
4) DNA
5) mRNA
6) Nucleus
7) Cytoplasm |
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Term
| The three phases of transcription are: __________, __________, and __________. |
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Definition
1) Initiation
2) Elongation
3) Termination |
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Term
| In transcription, synthesis is __________ in which a particular strand may serve as the template strand for some __________ and the non-template strand for others. |
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Definition
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Term
In transcription, __________ is synthesized in the 5'-> 3' direction and the __________ __________ is read in the 3' -> 5' direction.
RNA synthesis does not require a __________.
As the nucleotide is added to the RNA or DNA molecule two of the __________ __________ are removed and hence the reaction is __________. |
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Definition
1) RNA
2) DNA template
3) Primer
4) Phosphate groups
5) Exergonic |
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Term
| RNA produced at the end of transcription is __________ and it is produced in the __________ and moved to the cytoplasm through the __________ __________. |
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Definition
1) mRNA
2) Nucleus
3) Nuclear pores |
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Term
A certain template DNA strand has the following nucleotide sequence: 3'-TACTGCATAATGATT-5'
What would be the sequence of codons in the mRNA transcribed from this strand?
What would be the nucleotide sequence of the complementary non-template DNA strand? |
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Definition
1) 5'-AUGACGUAUUACUAA-3'
2) 5'-ATCACGTATTACTAA-3' |
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Term
| One codon is equal to how many amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| RNA is synthesized in __________ -> __________ direction and the DNA template is read in the __________ -> __________ direction. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: RNA does not require a primer. |
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Definition
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Term
| G on the DNA strand pairs with __________ on the RNA while T on the DNA pairs with __________ on the RNA but A on the DNA pairs with __________ on the RNA. |
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Definition
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Term
Transcription refers most specifically to:
a. Replication of DNA
b. Synthesis of proteins
c. Synthesis of mRNA
d. Synthesis of amino acids |
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Definition
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Term
| Is transcription an exergonic or endergonic reaction? Why? |
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Definition
| 1) Since two phosphate groups are removed when the nucleotide is added the reaction is exergonic. |
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Term
Which of the following cannot be found in an RNA molecule?
a. Ribose
b. Deoxyribose
c. Adenine
d. Uracil
e. Phosphate group |
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Definition
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Term
| Each group of three nucleotide bases codes directly for an __________ __________. |
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Definition
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