Term
| What three properties enable neurons to communicate with each other? |
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Definition
| Excitability, conductivity, secretion |
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Term
| Besides excitability and conductivity, what third property allows neurons to communicate with each other? |
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Definition
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Term
| Besides excitability and secretion, what third property allows neurons to communicate with each other? |
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Definition
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Term
| Besides secretion and conductivity, what third property allows neurons to communicate with each other? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does an afferent nerve fiber head towards or away from the CNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does and efferent nerve fiber head towards or away from the CNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three functional classes of neurons? |
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Definition
| Sensory (afferent) neurons, interneurons, motor (effector) neurons |
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Term
| Are sensory receptors neurons themselves, or is the receptor a separate cell that communicates directly with sensory neuron ? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which area of the body do interneurons lie? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of functions do interneurons carry out? |
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Definition
| Integrative functions - process, store, retrieve info and “make decisions” that determine how the body responds to stimuli |
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Term
| What percentage of our neurons are interneurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| Motor neurons send signals predominantly to which types of cells in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The control center of the neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| Granules that are rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with rosettes of free ribosomes, and are the site of protein synthesis - unique to neurons |
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Term
| Soma gives rise to thick processes that branch into what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What area of a neuron is the primary site for receiving signals from other neurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many dendrites does one neuron have? |
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Definition
| Some have one, some have thousands |
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Term
| Where is the axon hillock found? |
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Definition
| It is a mound on one side of the soma |
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Term
| From where on a neuron does the axon originate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name given to the branches that may arise along the way of an axon? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most axons branch extensively from which of their ends? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cytoplasm in an axon known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the membrane of an axon called? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many axons can a neuron have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the synaptic knob? |
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Definition
| The bulbous end of an axon branch that forms a synapse with the next cell |
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Term
| What is contained in a synaptic knob? |
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Definition
| Vesicles full of neurotransmitter |
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Term
| Where are vesicles full of neurotransmitter located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Neurons are classified according the number of what? |
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Definition
| The number of processes extending from the soma |
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Term
| How many axons, and how many dendrites does a multipolar neuron have? |
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Definition
| One axon, multiple dendrites |
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Term
| What are the four different classifications of neurons? |
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Definition
| Multipolar, bipolar, unipolar, axoaxonic |
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Term
| How many axons and how many dendrites does a bipolar neuron have? |
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Definition
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Term
| How would you describe the physical appearance of a unipolar neuron? |
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Definition
| One single process leading away from the soma |
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Term
| What is the other name for unipolar neurons, and why? |
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Definition
| Pseudounipolar - begin as unipolar in foetus, to processes fuse into one as neuron matures |
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Term
| How many axons and how many dendrites does an axoaxonic neuron have? |
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Definition
| Multiple dendrites, no axon |
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Term
| How do axoaxonic neurons produce action potentials? |
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Definition
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Term
| All proteins needed by the neuron are made in which location? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is axonal transport? |
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Definition
| The two passage way between axon and soma - soma giving proteins to axon, axon transporting wastes back to be recycled |
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Term
| What is anterograde transport? |
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Definition
| Movement away from soma to axon |
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Term
| What is retrograde transport? |
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Definition
| Movement up the axon toward soma |
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Term
| How do material travel between axon and soma? |
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Definition
| Materials travel along microtubules of cytoskeleton - act like tracks |
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Term
| Anterograde transport employs motor protein called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Retrograde transport employs motor protein called what? |
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Definition
| Dynein (same protein in cilia and flagella) |
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Term
| What are the two types of axonal transport? |
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Definition
| Fast and slow axonal transport |
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Term
| What are the two forms of fast axonal transport? |
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Definition
| Fast anterograde transport, and fast retrograde transport |
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Term
| Fast anterograde transport moves organelles, emzymes etc to where? |
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Definition
| Towards distal end of axon |
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Term
| Fast retrograde transport returns used synaptic vesicles and other materials to where? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is slow axonal transport anterograde or retrograde? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of slow axonal transport? |
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Definition
| Moves enzymes and cytoskeleton components down axon, renews worn-out axoplasmic components in mature neurons, supplies new axoplasm for developing or regenerating neurons |
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Term
| Are damaged nerve fibers regenerate at a speed governed by slow or fast axonal transport? |
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Definition
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