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| The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they're affected by an organism's physical state, mental state and external environment. |
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| Knowledge comes from experience sense gathered by careful observation, experimentation, and measurment. |
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| Having to do with an organism's physical processes |
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| Having to do with an organism's thinking and understanding. (mental processes) |
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| A general approach to gathering information and answering questions so that errors and biases are minimized. |
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The ability and willingnesss to asses claims and to make judgments on the basis of well supported reasons and evidence, rather than emotion or anecdote.
(Take emotions out and get clear facts/judgments) |
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| Description, Explanation, Predition, Influence. |
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Nineteenth century pseudoscientic fad, linked bumps on the skull with characterisitic traits.
(Franz Joseph Gall ) |
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Acknowledged as establishing modern psychology as a separate, formal field of study.
(Father of Psychology)
1st psychological lab in 1879 |
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Which people carefully observed, analyzed, and described their own sensations, mental images, and emotional reactions.
(Self observation) |
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1892 attempted to discover the elements of the mind.
Self reflection, introspections(looking inward)
Immediate sensations (inner thoughts and feelings) |
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The study of the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences.
(What happens) |
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One of the founders of psychology.
Taught the 1st class of psychology at Harvard.
1890 wrote the 1st textbook of psychology. |
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Emphasized the function or purpose of the behavior (how and why)
How and why organisms adapt to the environment. |
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| 1st female president of APA in 1905 |
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| 1859 on the Orgin of Species natural selection |
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| When considering behavior, a controversy exists regarding the relative contributions of biology and experience. |
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| A particular point of view or framework of ideas that will determine one's approach. |
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| Study how physical and chemical changes in our bodies influences our behavior. |
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| Brain chemisty, Nervious system, Hormones, Biological rhythms, Genetics/heredity, Evoluntionary influences, Evoluntionary psychology- natural selection. |
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| Evoluntionary explanations of social behavior. |
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| Psychodynamic/ Psychoanalytical Perspective |
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An approach that views unconscious motivations, conflicts, and desires are responsible for most human behavior.
-Instinctual energy
-Childhood experiences |
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Free association.
Dream analysis |
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Observable facts of behavior.
Behavior is a resulf of conditioning. |
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Reinforement is a response to a behavior that increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated.
(Operant conditiong) |
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Approach that emphasizes how humas process,store,retrieve, and use information and how cognitive processes influence our behavior.
-Thinking, memory, languate, problem solving,perceptions, attitudes. |
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| Sociocultural Perspective |
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| Focuses on social and cultural forces outside the individual and how these forces shape and influence every aspect of behavior. |
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An approach that believes that each person has the freedom in directing his or her future and achieve personal growth.
Free will. |
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| Unconditional positive regard. |
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Hierarchy of needs.
Survival needs, Security needs, Social needs, Esteem needs, Self-actualiztion |
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| An approach that analyze the influence of the social inequities of gender relations and the behavior of the two sexes. |
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Interplay between genes and environment. (experiences)
Nature vs Nuture
or
Nuture vs Nature |
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| Deriving ideas, style or approach from a broad and diverse range of sources. |
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| Research for its own sake. |
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| Utilizing basic research to solve problems |
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| Trained to observe, analyze, and evaluate behavior. |
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medical doctor who specializes in psychiarty.
He or she tend to focus on biological causes, prescribe medicine. |
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Majority are those who diagnosis treat and study mental or emotional disorders.
(Ph.D, Ed.d, Psy.D ) |
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| Help people deal with everday life. |
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| Developmental Psychologist |
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| Study physical, emotional, cognitive and social changes that occur throughout life. |
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| Educational Psychologist/ School Psychologist |
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| Deal with topics related to teaching children and young adults. |
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| Work in mental health or social welfare agency |
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| Industrial/ Organizational Psychologist |
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| Study and develope methods to boost production, improve working conditions, train people, place people, and reduce accidents. |
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