Term
What shape/arrangement are these cells? [image] |
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Definition
Streptobacilli strepto: chain bacilli: rods |
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Term
What shape/arrangement are these cells? [image] |
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Definition
Streptococci strepto: chain coccus: sphere (Note: it may help to relate strepto to strip [as in strip of paper]) |
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Term
What shape/arrangement are these cells? [image] |
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Definition
Diplococci diplo: pair coccus: sphere |
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Term
What cell shape/arrangement is shown? [image] |
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Definition
Staphylococci staphylo: grapelike clusters cocci: spherical |
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Term
Describe the shape of these bacteria. [image] [image] [image] [image] [image] |
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Definition
Spiral (This one is a Spirochete) |
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Term
What shape/arrangement are these cells? [image] |
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Definition
Coccobacillus Called this because it is a bacillus which resembles a coccus. |
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Term
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Definition
The "sugar coat" on the exterior of some prokaryotes is referred to as a capsule or slime layer. A capsule is more dense and organized. A slime layer is less dense and loosely-attached. The primary function of the glycocalyx is to help the cell adhere to other cells (for nutrients) and prevents phagocytosis |
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Term
How does gram-positive cell wall structure differ from gram -negative cell wall structure? |
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Definition
Gram-positive cell walls are thicker with multiple layers of peptidoglycan which lend structure. Gram-negative cell walls contain only one thin layer of peptidoglycan and the outer membrane consists of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), Lipoproteins, and Phospholipids |
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Term
| What alcohol and phosphate containing substance exists only in gram-positive cell walls? |
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Definition
Only Gram-positive cell walls contain teichoic acids |
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Term
Are gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria high in lipoprotein content? |
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Definition
Gram-negative are high in lipoprotein content (due to presence of outer membrane) |
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Term
| What does the "fluid mosaic model" describe? |
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Definition
The dynamic arrangement of phospholipids and proteins comprising the plasma membrane using the following forms of transport: 1. Simple diffusion: w/concentration gradient 2. facilitated diffusion: w/concentration gradient 3. Active transport: against gradient 4. Group translocation: against gradient |
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Term
| What is facilitated diffusion? |
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Definition
| The movement of a substance across a plasma membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (with concentration gradient), mediated by transport proteins |
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Term
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Definition
The nuclear area of prokaryotes. Comprised of a single, long, circular, double-stranded DNA The genome of a prokaryote |
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Term
| What is the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| The selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell; internal to the cell wall of prokaryotes (outer layer in animal cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| The site of protein synthesis in a cell, composed of RNA and a protein |
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Term
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Definition
lamellae may be considered as a pair of membranes containing chlorophyll (not sure what she's looking for here, probably not on the exam) |
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Term
| What's important to remember about flagella and cilia? |
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Definition
They are the source of motility (propulsion) for cells. Flagella operate by rotating |
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Term
| What are fimbriae and pili? |
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Definition
Both are appendages on bacterial cell. Fimbriae are used for attachment Pili are used for transfer of DNA from cell to cell. |
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Term
| What is simple diffusion? |
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Definition
| The net movement of molecules or ions through the plasma membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. (With concentration gradient) |
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Term
| What is active transport? |
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Definition
The transport of molecules against the concentration gradient through surface proteins in the plasma membrane. ATP is required to provide the energy for this process. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reserve deposits held inside a cell. Usually providing energy/nutrient reserves. |
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