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Definition
| Contains all the enzymes needed for all metabolic reactions, since there are no organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| Smaller than in eukaryotivc cells |
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Term
| Nucleoid (or Nuclear Zone). |
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Definition
| The region of the cytoplasm that contains DNA. It is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane |
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Definition
| Always circular, and not associated with any proteins to form chromatin |
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Definition
| Small circles of DNA, used to exchange DNA between bacterial cells, and very useful for genetic engineering |
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Term
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Definition
| A tightly-folded region of the cell membrane containing all the membrane-bound proteins required for respiration and photosynthesis. Can also be associated with the nucleoid. |
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Definition
| Made of murein (not cellulose), which is a glycoprotein (i.e. a protein/carbohydrate complex, also called peptidoglycan). There are two kinds of cell wall, which can be distinguished by a Gram stain: Gram positive bacteria have a thick cell wall and stain purple, while Gram negative bacteria have a thin cell wall with an outer lipid layer and stain pink. |
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Term
| Capsule (or Slime Layer). |
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Definition
| A thick polysaccharide layer outside of the cell wall, like the glycocalyx of eukaryotes. Used for sticking cells together, as a food reserve, as protection against desiccation and chemicals, and as protection against phagocytosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rigid rotating helical-shaped tail used for propulsion. The motor is embedded in the cell membrane and is driven by a H+ gradient across the membrane. Clockwise rotation drives the cell forwards, while anticlockwise rotation causes a chaotic spin. This is the only known example of a rotating motor in nature. |
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