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Definition
Samuel Gompers
-AFL (American Federation of Labor - labor union) formed in 1886
-Gompers was the first president of the union
-Worked to advance the interests of skilled workers
-Believed that capitalism would benefit workers
-Believed in working within the economic system
-Believed in collective bargaining
-In 1935 the Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO) was formed. This union supported industrial workers of all kinds. In 1955 the AFL merged with the CIO thereby becoming the AFL-CIO. |
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| Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) |
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Definition
-Formed in Chicago in 1905
-Known as the Wobblies (origin of name unknown)
-Welcomed all workers
-Advocated the overthrow of the employing class
-"An injury to one is an injury to all."
-Opposed to AFL, tactics of working within system
-Advocated revolution
-Used strikes, boycotts, propaganda, and violence |
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Term
| Triangle Shirt Waste Fire |
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Definition
-The Asch Building
-March 25, 1911
-Floor 8-10 Fire
-Cause? Electrical wires? Cigarette thrown?
-146 died ---> age 14-20
-mostly women.
-Many jumped from windows to avoid fire.
-Women couldn't escape because guards were checking bags to make sure nothing was stolen (regularly).
Max Blanck and Isaac Harris - Proprietors of the company.
Families awarded $75/person for loss. |
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| Major Result of the Triangle Shirt Waste Fire |
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Definition
-The Factory Investigating Commission
-Created in June 30, 1911
-Created "to investigate the conditions under which manufacturing is carried on".
-The commission achieved its greatest legislative successes from 1912 to 1914, when 13 of 17 bills it submitted became law. These measures constituted a whole new and much stricter code of factory safety and health laws. They included measures requiring better fire safety efforts, more adequate factory ventilation, improved sanitation and machine guarding, safe operation of elevators, and special measures fir foundries, bakeries, stores and other establishments. |
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Term
| Lochner v. New York (1905) |
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Definition
-The Supreme Court overturned a New York law that limited bakers' workdays to 10 hours. The Court ruled that the law violated the worker's freedom of contract.
-Loss for workers (employers could make them work more hours) |
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Definition
-The Court upheld an Oregon law that established a 10 hour workday for women laundry workers.
-The case was based upon social research conducted by Josephine Goldmark and Florence Kelley.
-This was the Brandeis Brief. |
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Definition
-Socialist reformer
-worked with Jane Addams at Hull House
-National Woman Suffrage Association
-National Child Labor Committee
-NAACP
-National Consumer's League
-Fought for rights of women, children, workers, African Americans. Organizer and activist whose work lead to much social change. She believed social change could be implemented through the collection of hard evidence and its presentation to lawmakers and the courts. |
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| MAJOR BREAD AND BUTTER ISSUES OF WORK |
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Definition
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Term
| What workplace problems did progressives target? |
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Definition
-Child labor
-equality in the workplace (for women and african AM's)
-organizing workers
-the right to organize unions
-womens' rights
-perceives corporate creed
-min. wage
-workplace safety
-worker's compensation
-long hours
-unfair labor practaces
-higher wages and salaries |
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Term
| Why were many workers limited in their work? |
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Definition
-Many workers limited b/c company (ex. company store, owe company $, blahblahblah).
-Companies would have you sign a contract releasing themselves liabilty of your injuries on job, so they don't owe you anything.
-Companies do not want workers to form LABOR UNIONS b/c the workers will ask for high wages and shorter hours= Cost of good goes uphhill. |
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Definition
| famed for writing The History of the Standard Oil Company for McClure's Magazine. This work exposed the business practices of John Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company. |
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Definition
-Working conditions
-Wages, hours, conditions, child labor
-The rights of women
-Discrimination and racism
-Political Corruption
-Poverty, crime, etc. |
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Term
| Who were the Progressive Reformers? |
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Definition
| Jacob Riis - wrote "How The Other Half Live" exposing the lives of urban poor to Americans. |
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Definition
| Those who exposed urban/poor/etc. to the rest of America. |
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Definition
-Typically native born
-Middle to lower class in socio-economic status
-Lower degree of formal education
-Usually come from a rural background
-Primary issue of concern: agriculture |
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Term
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Definition
-Typically native born
-Middle to upper class
-Higher degrees of formal education - many were college educated
-Usually came from an urban background of area
-Primary issue of concern: The betterment of society as a whole |
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Term
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Definition
-Populist era years 1800-1900
-Progressive era years 1900-1914-17
-Eras overlapped and intermingled.
-Progressives
-Fought the theory of Social Darwinism
-Fought Societal woes created by progress
-Addressed societal contradictions
-Self interest vs. Social interest
-Individual or the society as a whole?
-Progress vs. Poverty |
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Term
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Definition
-The Supreme Court ruled that sates had legitimate police power to regulate private enterprises that may adversely impact public interest
-A GREAT VICTORY FOR THE FARMERS- |
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Term
| Wabash V. Illinois (1886) |
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Definition
-The Court ruled that the states' regulation of railroad rates interfered with Congress's ability to regulate interstate commerce.
-A GREAT LOSS FOR THE FARMERS- |
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Term
| The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 Facts |
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Definition
-In reaction to Wabash V. Illinois
-Created the Interstate Commerce Commission
-Aimed initially at railroads |
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Term
| The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 Entailments |
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Definition
-Shipping rates must be reasonable and just
-Shipping rates must be published
-Secret rebates were outlawed
-Price discrimination against small markets was illegal |
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Term
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Definition
Tried to assist farmer's and give farmer's a greater voice in Politics.
-Organized cooperatives.
-Called for:
-Low Cost Insurance
-Bank Regulation
-Rigid regulation of railroads or government ownership of railroads
-Revoke large land grants given to railroads
-A graduated income tax
-Increased money supply
-Women's suffrage |
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Term
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Definition
Alliance members, grangers, elements of Knights of Labor, social reformers. (People's Party)
Formation:
-A grassroots movement to give the "little guy" a voice in politics.
-Formed in St. Louis in 1892 at a convention of Alliance members, labor leaders, Grangers and other information. |
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Definition
-Prominent female member of Farmer's Alliance, and later a populist
-Spoke out for country's downtrodden farmers. |
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Term
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Definition
-Formed in 1867 by Oliver Hudson Kelley.
-Originally a social organization but soon confronted economic and political issues. |
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Term
| What was the main focus of the grange? |
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Definition
Initially a social organization.
Low prices for their products.
Indebtedness.
Perceived unfair treatment by railroad companies.
Grain storage prices.
Gain a greater voice in politics. |
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Term
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Definition
-Groups of farmers coming together and pooling their resources to assist one another.
-Pool their savings - money.
-Purchase equipment and supplies - tried to buy at wholesale prices.
-Storage of grain.
-Sell their products directly to big markets.
-Some even tried to manufacture their own farm equipment. |
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Term
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Definition
-Laws meant to give legislative assistance to farmers.
-The primary goals of these laws was for states to:
-Set or authorize maximum railroad shipping rates.
-Establish state railroad commissions to administer laws.
-Establish laws to regulate grains storage costs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A decline in prices caused bt a decreased money supply and decreased spending. |
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Term
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Definition
Rise in prices due to decrease in goods for sale and in increase in the money. general raise in prices.
Causes: Quantity Theory. - Too much money in circulation. |
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Term
| How were farmers affected after Civil War? |
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Definition
Farmers were hurt badly by deflation. They could not get good prices for their crops. They wanted inflation.
1862 - Congress $450 million in Greenbacks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Paper money, not fiat money. Used to finance war. |
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Definition
The most strongest and fit people, businesses and , to clear theabove the weakest to become the wealthiest and most powerful .
Advocated by English social philosopher Herbert Spencer in the late 1800s.
The whole effort of nature is to get rid of such as are unfit to clear the world of them and make room for better
Spencer adopted this theory from Charles Darwin who in 1831 sailed the Beagle to South America who in 1859 published "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection".
Members of species vary in strength, size, health, and attractiveness. Less fit die young and are not as productive. |
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Definition
| Individual ownerships of property not allowed. Property not allowed. Property and means of production owned by everyone in community. Community provides for the means of all people equally. |
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Definition
| Private business run most industries and competition determines how much goods cost and workers paid. |
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| Social Darwinism - Overview |
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Definition
| The most strongest and fit people businesses and nations would rise above the weakest to become the wealthiest and most powerful. Herbert Spencer. |
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