Term
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Definition
| A matter that needs a solution |
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Term
| How to solve the problem??? |
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Definition
| How to approach the problems. What information do you need. |
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Term
| What kind of problem it is? |
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Definition
| Mathematical? Logical? Patterns / series |
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Term
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Definition
Goals can be anything that you wish to achieve
Ex: If you are hungry & you want to eat |
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Definition
Barriers are obstacles that prevent the immediate
achievement of goals.
Ex: There is no food; trip to the market |
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Term
| Stages of Problem Solving |
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Definition
Problem Identification
Structuring the problem
Looking for possible solutions
Making a decision
Implementation
Monitoring / Seeking Feedback |
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Term
| Problems can be represented by: |
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Definition
Chain Diagrams- sequence of events
Flow Charts- includes branches and decision points
Tree Diagrams- Decision tree, multiple choices
Listing - Listing the elements of a problem can also help to
represent priorities, order and sequences in the problem. |
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Term
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Definition
Commonly used technique for generating a large number of ideas in
a short period of time
Usually practiced in groups |
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Term
| Divergent & Convergent Thinking |
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Definition
Recalling possible past solutions
Subsequent process of narrowing down possibilities in arriving at an
action plan |
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Definition
Information on each suggestion
Risk assessment
Pros & Cons analysis |
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Term
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Definition
Being committed to a solution
Accepting responsibility for the decision
Identifying who will implement the solution
Resolving to carry out the chosen solution
Exploring the best possible means of implementing the solution |
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Term
| Ways of obtaining feedback include: |
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Definition
Monitoring
Questionnaires
Follow-up phone calls
Asking others who may have been affected by your decisions |
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Term
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Definition
Computers can also do these activities
But, we need to give them all the instructions |
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Term
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Definition
Mathematics – Formula oriented
Decision making
Repeated computing |
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Term
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Definition
| study of the principles of correct reasoning |
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Term
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Definition
Identify problem
Start building the thinking patterns
Apply common sense
Break down into multiple steps
Apply the thinking patterns
Represent the logic pictorially for better understanding |
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Term
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Definition
Preparing the machines to ‘think’
Teaching the machines ‘how to think’
We need to feed a sequence of thinking patterns
Thinking Patterns vs Computer Instructions |
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Term
| What is a Computer Program? |
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Definition
| Sequence of instructions written to perform a specified task |
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Term
| Two forms of programming? |
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Definition
Source Code form – Human-readable form
Executable form – Computer can directly execute the instructions |
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Term
| What does a computer understand? |
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Definition
| Binary only zeroes and ones (0’s and 1’s) |
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Term
| Categories of Computer Language |
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Definition
Machine Language
Assembly Language
High Level Language |
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Term
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Definition
Early high-level languages
Examples include C, COBOL, Fortran, LISP, Perl, HTML,
VBScript |
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Term
| Object Oriented Languages |
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Definition
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Examples of OOP languages include C++,Visual Basic.NET
and Java. |
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Term
| Phases of Computer Programs |
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Definition
Writing
Translation or Compilation
Execution
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Term
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Definition
Special system level software
Converts the entire source code into object code
Some compilers will create a new file with the extension
.obj
This object file contains machine-dependent instructions
But this is still not in executable format |
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Term
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Definition
programs are translated line-by-line instead of all at
once (like compiled programs)
Interpreted programs generally translate quicker than
compiled programs, but have a slower execution speed |
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Term
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Definition
Sequence of instructions
Written in a specific language
Written to solve a specific problem
Contains many types of statements
Programmers follow the syntax |
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Term
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Definition
Written in high level language
The file contains the program
The extension of the file name depends on what language
you use
Java source code has the file name extension .java
C source code has the file name extension .c |
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Term
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Definition
The compiled code
The compiler generates another file
Generally, the extension of the file would be .obj
Error free code
Contains machine-dependent instructions
Humans usually cannot understand |
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Term
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Definition
| Runnable code, file extension is .exe,You can copy this to another machine |
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Term
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Definition
Written in high level language
The file contains the program
The extension of the file name depends on what language
you use
Java source code has the file name extension .java
C source code has the file name extension .c |
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Term
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Definition
Combines object file with set of library files
Generates a single executable file |
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Term
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Definition
System software
Loads the executable code into memory
Part of the Operating system
Prepares the code for execution |
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Term
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Definition
Statements are written in simple English.
One of the most popular representations of an algorithm |
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Term
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Definition
| used when the algorithm is to receive the input from a record on a file |
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Term
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Definition
| used when the algorithm is to receive input from the keyboard. |
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Term
| Example of Get and Read pseudocode |
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Definition
Read students name
Get system date
Read number_1, number_2
Get tax_code |
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Term
| A program can receive information |
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Definition
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Term
| A program can put out information |
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Definition
Print used when the output is to be sent to the printer
Writeused when the output is to be written to a file
Put, Output, Displayused when the output is to be written to
the screen
Promptrequired before an input instruction Get, causes the
message to be sent to the screen which requires the user to respond,
usually by providing input |
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Term
| A program can perform arithmetic calculations |
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Definition
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Term
| Problem SOlving Principles |
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Definition
Understand the problem
Device a plan to solve it
Carry out the plan
Review the results |
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Term
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Definition
Analyze the problem
Design the program
Code the program
Test the program |
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Term
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Definition
an independent, self-contained section of code that
performs a single task. |
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Term
| Hierarchy Chart (HIPO Chart |
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Definition
A HIPO Chart (“Hierarchy of Inputs, Processes & Outputs”) is similar to
an organization chart – it shows what modules exist and how they are
related. |
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Term
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Definition
done in a high level language i.e. C, Java, COBOL, etc. It is
important to prepare a solid algorithm at the time of designing, before
beginning to write a program. |
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Term
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Definition
Comments are used by programmers in a program to explain to the
reader the logic and decision processes. Comments are ignored by the
interpreter or compiler. |
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Term
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Definition
includes a user’s guide and, typically, a
more technical system administrator’s guide. |
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Term
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Definition
The stage after Coding is the Testing phase. The test planning and
documentation activities are carried out much prior to the testing phase |
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Term
| There are two phases of testing: |
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Definition
Alpha Testing: This testing is performed by the users within the
organization developing the software is passed for Beta testing.
Beta Testing: This testing comes after alpha testing and can be
considered a form of external user acceptance testing. Versions of the
software, known as beta versions, are released to a limited audience
outside of the programming team |
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Term
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Definition
Syntax Error: A syntax error is encountered at the time of coding
due to incorrect use of high level language. For ex: forgetting
punctuation or a miss spelt keyword. The program cannot be
compiled or executed without correcting the syntax error.
• Logical Error: An error is called logical when the code is
executed but does not produce the expected result. It does not
contain any syntax error and even compiles successfully, but fails
during the execution of the program. For ex: use of incorrect
formula or incorrect sequence of statements, infinite loops etc.,
would cause logical errors. |
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Term
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Definition
A method for designing and coding programs in a
systematic, organized manner.principles of top-down design, modularity sequence, repetition and selection |
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Term
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Definition
selectively execute statements
Called a branch, it requires a condition to determine when to
execute statements |
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Term
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Definition
repeat statements more than once. The
program will continue to loop until a condition is met |
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