Term
| Federal Sentencing Reform Act |
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Definition
1984. Abolished Parole at the Fed level
Phased out parole by 1992
States started passing truth in sentencing laws. By 1994 all states had them |
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Term
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Definition
| Limited prison populations |
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Term
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Definition
New York Supreme Court 1970
First time the judiciary intervened in parole matters. Menecheno was denied counsel. Overturned because Menecheno did not have a present and private interest to protect |
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Term
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Definition
First U.S. Supreme Court Involvement in parole. Ruled that probationers and juveniles have been given rights, parolees should as well.
A)Revocation should be a two stage process - Arrest and preliminary hearing, followed by a revocation hearing.
B) Parolees recieve written notice of violations, get to confront wittnesses, preliminary hearing will be informal, hearing officer must not be associated with the case, and parolees receive the right to counsel. |
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Term
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Definition
Eight Ages of Man.
Last stage, integrity versus despair. |
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Term
| Treatment Method - Social Casework |
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Definition
Related to Freud.
Study Case
Diagnose
Treatment |
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Term
| Treatment Method - Reality Therapy |
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Definition
Created by William Glasses
PO involved with case
Encourage use of "I" and "Me"
Always deal with here and now
Don't talk about feelings
Help offender develop a plan
Get commitment to the plan
Do not belittle, or accept excuses
Don't be afraid to use humor |
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Term
| Treatment Method - Behavioral Modification |
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Definition
Albert Bandura
We learn through Observation, Direct experience, and differential reinforcement. Modify those behaviors with positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Something that may or may not happen. Measured using criminal history, type of offense, property or person crime, property more likely to re-offend, age, chronic unemployment, drug use. |
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Term
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Definition
Type 1 error - Classified as low risk, but fails
Type 2 error - Classified as high risk, but succeeds. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Risk Assessment
2) Needs Assessment
3) Using the above to determine classification level |
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Term
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Definition
Part of classification system
Identify offender needs
- Drug and Alcohol problems
- Money issues
- Living arrangements
- Marital difficulties
- etc |
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Term
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Definition
- Intensive, Maximum, Medium, Minimum, Mail-in
1 - Office Visit
2 - Field Visit
3 - Collateral Contact
4 - Random Drug Test
- 3133, 1112, 1111, 1001, Mail in yearly. |
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Term
| Ways to be hired as an officer |
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Definition
Appointment, Recruiting/Application and interview. <- Corrutp
Civil service/Merit - Task a test.
Mixed Method - Education/Experience appointed based on personal qualities |
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Term
| Roles of Probation/Parole officer |
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Definition
Advocate
Broker - Referal to community resources
Treatement Agent - Help individual change
Law Enforcer - Protect society
Information manager - Providing information about treatment optoins |
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Term
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Definition
~50% of officers victimized
Including harassment, assault, property damage, attack by dogs, threats.
Most often occurs in rural areas. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Duty owed by the professional to the plantif or general public
2) Must show the professional failed to perform duty according to a required standard of care
3) Must be injury or harm caused by failure to perform duty.
Most lawsuits are due to a failure to warn. |
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Term
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Definition
| Foster Mother not warned about violent homicidal behavior of child, she won. |
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Term
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Definition
| Parole officer helped client get a job in an apartment complex, but did not warn the female manager. Client raped and killed her. Family won law suit |
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Term
| Megers V. LA Dept of Probation |
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Definition
| Client got a job without help of Prob. Dpt. When he embezzled money they sued, but not found guilty due to the prob. dpt. not assisting in the job process. |
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Term
| Grim V. Arizona Board of Parole and Pardons |
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Definition
| Parole board released a prisoner when they knew he was dangerous and posed a risk. The prisoner then killed one and injured another. Supreme court said the board was negligent for releasing an offender of foreseeable risk. |
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Term
| Goals of Intermediate Sanctions |
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Definition
To reserve prison for serious offenders
To provide judges with sentencing alternatives
To keep the offender in the community
To avoid social and economic costs of incarceration. |
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Term
| Intermediate Sanction Program Features |
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Definition
Intensive Supervision and Surveillance Probation
Community Service
Random Drug Tests
Increased Fees
More punitive sanctions |
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Term
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Definition
| Several different sanctions that can result in more time than initially given. |
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Term
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Definition
| Florida 1983 created by Leonard Flynn. He was so protective of the program he never allowed it to be evaluated which possibly holds it back. |
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Term
| Versions of home confinement |
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Definition
1) Home Incarceration - Must be home at all times except for legal or medical reasons
2) Home Confinement - Offenders at home, allowed to leave for work, school, counseling, religion, or public service work.
3) Simple Curfew - Home at certain time. |
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Term
| Electronic Monitoring Origins |
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Definition
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Term
| Types of Electronic Monitoring |
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Definition
Continuous signaling devices
Voice Identification system |
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Term
| Advantages and Disadvantages of Electronic Monitoring |
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Definition
Advantages
- Facilitates reintegration back into the community while avoiding incarceration
- Assists in monitoring offenders
- Reduces prison overcrowding and cost of incarceration
- Permits the offender to keep a job
Disadvantages
- Cost create a potential of promoting a race and class bias
- EM is intrusive, family members must have sacrifices for the offender to participate in the program.
- It compromises public safety
- May discriminate against offenders who do not have permanent housing or telephones. |
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Term
| Facts of Electronic Monitoring |
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Definition
- Recidivism rates declines to 5% when offenders are electronically monitored
- Successful with DWI/DUI offenders
- Electronic monitoring is less successful with violent offenders and more successful with property, sex, drug offenders. |
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Term
| Location of Alabama's boot camp |
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Definition
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Term
| Shock Incarceration origin |
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Definition
| Georgia Department of Corrections in 1983 |
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Term
| Boot Camp Participant features |
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Definition
- Youthful offenders between the ages of 17-25
- They are prison bound, convicted of non-violent crimes
- This is their first prison sentence
- They may voluneet for the program, or be referred by the Georgia department of corrections or judges.
- After boot camp they are placed on intensive supervision or electronic monitoring |
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