Term
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Definition
| attacks myelin sheath of nerves (numerous sites of demyelination and 'sclerosis' which means scarring. |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder in which the body's immune system attacks part of the peripheral nervous system. SX: varying degrees of weakness or tingling sensations in the legs. Then to the arms and upper body; Pt may eventually become totally paralyzed. Therapies can lessen the severity of illness and accelerate the recovery in most patients. (plasmapheresis and high-dose immunoglobin therapy is used. |
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Term
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Definition
| Genetic transmission (autosomal dominant) affects brain and nerve cells; onset from 35-55 death occurs within first 10-30 years. Dementia, balance problems, cognitive function is decreased, involuntary facial movements. Later, things progress (swallowing problems; like parkinsons) Leads to total dependence; TX: antidepressants and antipsychotics... no known cure |
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Term
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease |
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Definition
| rare, degenerative, invariably fatal brain disorder. Progressive dementia; problems with muscular coordination; personality changes, impaired memory/judgement/thinking, and impaired vision. May experience insomnia, depression or unusual sensations. As it progresses mental impairment becomes severe. Lose ability to speak and move and enter coma; pneumonia may develop in these patients. Prion proteins. Sporadic; hereditary; and acquired |
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Term
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Definition
| Affest CN V (muscles of mastication, sensation of the face and scalp, cornea reflux, oral and nasal mucous membranes) Unilateral attacks of muscle twitching, blinking, and pain. Me be triggered by simple activities; remission and relapse. |
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Term
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Definition
| motor function of CN VII unilaterally; facial droop, loss of muscle movement on one side of the face. Eye and mouth also affected (saliva, tears, nerve sensation) terat with steriods and antivirals; total recovery is typical. |
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Term
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Definition
| disease of the basal ganglia; slowness in the initiation and execution of movement, increased muscle tone, tremor at rest, and impaired postural reflexes. Tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia (triad of PD) onset gradual and insidious; many motor signs but also non-motor like: depression, anxiety, apathy, fatigue, pain, constipation, impotence,and short-term memory impairment. TX: aimed at relieving SX. |
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Term
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Definition
| an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction characterized by the fluctuating weakness of certain skeletal muscle groups. Antibodies attack ACH receptors, resulting in decreased number of ACh receptor sites at the neuromuscular junction. Muscles most often offected by the fluctuating weakness are those used for moving eyes and eyelids, chewing, swallowing, speaking and breathing. |
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Term
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Definition
| an acute exacerbation of muscle weakness triggered by infection, surgery, emotional distress, drug overdose, or inadequate drugs. Major complication in swallowing and breathing. TX: anticholinesterase drugs, alternate- day corticosteriods, and immunosuppressants. (removal of the thymus and/or plasmapheresis) |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by unpleasant sensory (parathesias) and motor abnormalities of one or both legs. There are two distinct types: primary (idiopathic) and secondary. Abnormal iron metabolism and functional alterations in central dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems. Main TX: cutting out aggravating factors such as: caffeine, alcohol, and certain drugs. Also dopaminergic agents, opioids, and benzodiazepines. |
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Term
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
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Definition
| rare progressive neurologic disorder characterized by loss of motor neurons. usually leads to death within 2-6 years after diagnosis.For unknown reasons motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord gradually degnerate. SX: weakness of upper extremeties; dysarthria, and dysphagia. (compromised respiratory function.. death from resp. infection) TX: riluzole (Rilutek) slows the progression. Cognition stays normal (makes this harder) |
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Term
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Definition
| amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and loss of connections between cells and cell death. |
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Term
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Definition
| condition characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies (intercranial cytoplasmic inclusions) in the brainstem and cortex. |
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Term
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Definition
| frontotemporal dementia; is a rare brain disorder characterized by disturbances in behavior, sleep, personality, and eventually memory. Major distinguishing characteristic between these disorders and AD is marked by symmetric lobar atrophy of the temporal and/or frontal lobes. |
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Term
| Normal pressure hydrocephalus |
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Definition
| an uncommon disorder characterized by an obstruction in the flow of CSF, which causes buildup of this fluid in the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| most serious type of food poisoning; caused by GI absorption of the neurotoxin (found in soil); Thought that the neurotoxin destroys or inhibits the neurotransmission of acetylcholine at the myoneural junction, resulting in disturbed muscle innervation. Man: descending flaccid paralysis with intact sensation, photophobia, ptosis, paralysis of extraocular muscles, blurred vision, diplopia, dry mouth, sore throat, and difficulty in swallowing. |
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Term
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Definition
| an extremely severe polyradiculitis and polyneuritis affecting the spainal and cranial nerves. (from soil, garden mold, and/or manure) MAN: stiffness of the jaw (trismus), and neck, fever, and other symptoms of general infection. As disease progresses muscles, back, abdomen, and extremeties become progressively rigid. |
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Term
| Neurosyphilis (tertiary syphilis) Result of untreated or inadequately treated syphilis. |
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Definition
| an infection of any part of the nervous system by the organism Treponema pallidum. Management w/ penicillin symptomatic care, and protection from physical injury. |
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Term
| spinal shock (experienced in 50% of people with acute spinal cord injury) |
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Definition
| characterized by decreased reflexes, loss of sensation, and flaccid paralysis below the level of the injury. |
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Term
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Definition
| due to the loss of vasomotor tone caused by injury and is characterized by hypotension and bradycardia (important clinical clues) |
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