Term
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Definition
| deflection of the normally straight nasal septum. Commonly caused by trauma or congenital disproportion, |
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Term
| Symptoms of deviated septum |
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Definition
| Patient may experience obstruction to nasal breathing, nasal edema, or dryness of the nsala mucosa with crusting and bleeding. |
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Term
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Definition
| nasal allergy control as in allergic rhinitis. Patient with severe case may have a septoplasty performed. |
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Term
| Complications of a nasal fracture |
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Definition
| airway obstruction, epistaxis, meningeal tears, septal hematoma, and cosmetic derformity. |
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Term
| Unilateral nasal fracture |
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Definition
| Fracture causes little to no displacement of the nose. |
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Term
| Bilateral Nasal Fracture (most common) |
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Definition
| This nasal fracture gives the nose a flattened look. |
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Term
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Definition
| powerful blows cause these type of nasal fractures, may involve subsequent damage to adjacent facial structures such as teeth, eyes or other facial bones. |
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Term
| Nursing management of a nasal fracture |
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Definition
| Maintain airway, reduce edema, prevent complications, and provide emotional support. Keep pt in an upright position to assure proper breathing, and ice may be used to reduce edema. Then it is treated with a open or closed reduction (septoplast, rhinoplasty) |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical reconstruction of the nose, is performed for cosmetic reasons or to improve airway function when trauma or developmental deformities result in nasal obstruction. |
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Term
| treatment of epistaxis (nose bleed) |
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Definition
| Simple first aid procedures: keep pt quiet, place the pt in a sitting position, leaning forward, or if not possible in high fowlers position; apply direct pressure by pinching the entire soft lower portion of the nose for 10 to 15 minutes; apply ice compresses to the nose; partially insert a small gauze pad into the bleeding nostril, and apply digital pressure if bleeding continues; and obtain medical assistance if bleeding does not stop. |
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Term
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Definition
| reaction of the nasal mucosa to a specific allergen. |
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Term
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Definition
| means symptoms are present less than 4 days a week or less than 4 weeks of the year. |
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Term
| Persistent Allergic Rihinits |
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Definition
| means symptoms are present more than 4 days a week and for more than 4 weeks per year. |
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Term
| Clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis |
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Definition
| sneezing, watery, itching eyes and nose, altered sense of smell, and think watery nasal discharge that can lead to a more substained nasal congestion. Nasal turbinates appear pale, boggy, and swollen. |
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Term
| medication therapy for allergic rhinitis |
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Definition
| focuses on reducing inflammation and reduce nasal symptoms. Antihistamines, intranasal corticosteriods and leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA's) may be used to manage symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| is caused by an adenovirus that invades the upper respiratory tract and often accompanies an acute upper respiratory infection (URI) It is spread by airborne droplet sprays emitted by the infected person while breathing, talking, sneezing or coughing or by direct hand contact. |
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Term
| Treatment of acute viral rhinitis |
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Definition
| rest, fluids, proper diet, antipyretics, and analgesics are recommended. Complications include: pharyngitis, sinusitis, otis media, tonsillitis, and lung infections. And unless complications are present anitbiotics are not prescribed because it is a virus. |
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Term
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Definition
| onset is typically abrupt, with systemic symptoms of cough, fever, and myalgia often accompanied by a headache and sore throat. Important diagnostic factors include the patient's health history, clinical findings, and the presence of other cases in the community. |
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Term
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Definition
| ostia (exit) from the sinuses are narrowed or blocked by inflammation or hypertrophy (swelling) of the mucosa. |
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Term
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Definition
| benign mucous membrane masses that form slowly in repsonse to repeated inflammation of the sinus or nasal mucosa. Appear as bluish, glossy projections in the naris. |
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Term
| clinical manifestations of nasal polyps |
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Definition
| nasal obstruction, nasal discharge (usually clear mucous) and speech distortion. Recoccurence is common and they may be relieved with endoscopic or laser surgery but topical or systemic corticosteriods may slow growth. |
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Term
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Definition
| an acute inflammation of the pharyngeal walls, may include the tonsils, palate and uvula. |
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Term
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Definition
| ex: candidiasis can develop with prolonged use of antibiotics or inhaled corticosteriods or in immunosupressed patients, especially those with HIV. |
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Term
| Manifestations of acute pharyngitis |
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Definition
| "scratchy throat" to pain so severe that swalloing is difficult. Both viral and strep infections appear as a red edematous pharynx, with or without patchy yellow exudates. |
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Term
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Definition
| complication of acute pharyngitis or acute tonsilitis when bacterial infection invades one or both tonsils. Tonsils may enlarge sufficiently to threaten airway patency. Intravenous antibiotic therapy is given along wiht needle aspiration or incision and drainage of abscess. |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by shallow (30% to 50% reduction in airflow) respirations. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a condition characterized by partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| cessation of spontaneous respirations lasting longer than 20 seconds. |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased PaO2 or SpO2 (may be caused during sleep apnea) |
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Term
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Definition
| increased PaCO2 (may be caused during sleep apnea) |
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Term
| Clinical manifestations of sleep apnea |
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Definition
| frequent awakening at night, insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, witnessed apneic episodes. Morning HA's, personality changes, and irritability. |
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Term
| Symptoms of airway obstruction (partial?) |
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Definition
| stridor, use of acessory muscles, suprasternal and intercostal retractions, wheezing, restlessness, tachycardia, and cyanosis. |
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Term
| Interventions to reestablish a patent airway |
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Definition
| Heimlich manuever, cricothyroidotomy, endotracheal intubation, and tracheostomy. |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical incision into the trachea for the purpose of establishing an airway |
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Term
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Definition
| the stoma (opening) that results from the tracheotomy. |
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Term
| immediately attempt to replace it |
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Definition
| If tube of a tracheostomy is dislodged the nurse should.... |
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Term
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Definition
| develop on the vocal cords from vocal abuse or irritation. Most common symptom is hoarseness. |
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Term
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Definition
| arise from mucosal surfaces and is typically squamous cell in origin; catgory or tumors includes: paranasal sinuses, the oral cavity, and the nasopharynx, oropharnyx, and larynx. |
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Term
| Clinical manifestations of late stages of neck and head cancers |
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Definition
| pain, dysphagia, decreased mobility of the tongue, airway obstruction, and cranial nerve neuropathies. |
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Term
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Definition
| involves swallowing air, trapping it in the esophagus, and releasing it to create sound. Air causes vibration of the pahryngoesophageal segment and sound (initially similar to a belch.) |
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