The phase in which water exists is determined by:

temperature and pressure.

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of:

polarity of water molecules.

The surface tension of water:

is relatively high.

Covalent bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule as a result of the:

sharing of electrons between atoms.

Water can pile up a short distance above a container's rim due to:

high surface tension.

Some insects can glide across the surface of water due to water's:

surface tension.

Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water:

is a polar molecule.

The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is called the:

calorie.

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?

high heat capacity

Latent heat is used to:

change states of matter.

A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure water at 0oC. What happens to the temperature of the mixture as heat is added?

It remains constant until the ice melts; then it begins to rise.

When water evaporates from the ocean surface:

the remaining water is cooled.

In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of water is:

higher than other liquids.

The average salinity of sea water is:

3.5%

The Principle of Constant Proportions states that:

the relative concentrations of seawater ions do not change.

Which of the following statements regarding pH is not true?

As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly acidic.

The ion in seawater that serves as a buffer is:

HCO3-.

The transfer of water from the atmosphere to the oceans to the continents is known as the:

hydrologic cycle.

A rapid change in ocean temperature with change in depth is the:

thermocline.

A rapid change in ocean density with change in depth is the:

pycnocline.

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

buffering capacity. hydrogen ion. pH.

With respect to incoming solar radiation, radiation emitted back into the atmosphere has:

a longer wavelength.

The percentage of solar radiation absorbed by the Earth's oceans and landmasses is about:

50%

the percentage of solar radiation directed to earth absorbed by the clouds and the atmosphere is about:

25%

the tropic of capricorn is located at

23.5oS latitude.

As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds are deflected

to the right of the original direction.

The deflection of air masses to the right or left (depending on latitude) as they move from one latitude to another is called the

Coriolis effect.

A maritime tropical air mass is likely to be:

wet and warm.

A cold air mass moving into an area occupied by relatively warm air is called a(n)

cold front

Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by Earth's tilted axis of rotation and:

differences in the heat capacity of ocean and land.

Winds blowing from the north into the southern hemisphere will appear to:

be deflected toward the east.

The doldrums refer to the same region as the:

intertropical convergence zone.

The temperate regions are characterized by:

westerly winds.

Low pressure systems in the northern hemisphere rotate

counterclokwise.

The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the

Saffir-Simpson Scale.

Hurricanes are an efficient way to:

redistribute heat from one area to another.

When ice forms from seawater, the remaining seawater will have a:

higher salinity.

The zone ocean where sound can travel extremely long distances is called the:

SOFAR channel.

Worldwide, the SOFAR channel is located at an approximate ocean depth of:

1000 meters.

The atmospheric component that contributes to the majority of greenhouse warming on Earth is:

water vapor.

The gas(es) that is (are) increasing atmospheric concentration relative to other gases in the atmosphere annually is (are):

chlorofluorocarbons.

Which of the following atmospheric constituents has the greatest ability to absorb heat (a per mole basis)?

chlorofluorocarbons.

Which of the following is a consequence of global warming?

All of the above are consequences of global warming.

Burning of fossil fuels is chemically similar to:

respiration

Since 1750, the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere has increased by almost:

30%.

An agreement amongst 60 nations to voluntarily limit greenhouse gas emissions is called the:

Kyoto Protocol.

The unit of measurement used to describe the rate at which a volume of ocean water moves in a current is a(n):

sverdrup.

Equatorial currents are driven by the:

trade winds.

Surface ocean circulation is driven primarily by _____ and modified by _____.

wind; the Coriolis effect and land.

Convection cells driven by the relatively weak winds near the center of gyres are called:

Langmuir circulation.

Which of the following is true of surface water circulation near Antarctica?

Two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west.

The Sargasso Sea is located in the:

North Atlantic Ocean.

When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off and isolates a body of nearshore water, the resulting body of water is called a:

cold core ring.

Identify the mismatched pair:

Labrador Current - Humbolt Current

During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean:

flow from land to sea and are dry.

Compared to an eastern boundary current in a gyre, which of the following statements is true for a western boundary current?

All of the above statements are true of western boundary currents.

Which of the following is a western boundary current?

Brazil Current.

Compared to a western boundary current, which of the following statements is true for an eastern boundary current?

Eastern boundary currents are broad and slow.

Which of the following is not an eastern boundary current?

Gulf Stream

Geostrophic circulation is within a gyre driven by:

Gravity

Westward intensification is associated with:

All of the above statements are associated with westward intensification.

Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through:

upwelling.

Strong upwelling occurs in all of the following except:

where deep ocean water currents are formed.

Deep ocean water generally has high amounts of:

nutrients and oxygen.

The worldwide effects of El Nino include all of the following except:

Drought in the US Gulf coastal states.

El Nino Southern Oscillation can best be described as:

the relationship between sea surface temperature and high altitude pressure.

The El Nino weather pattern is associated with:

drought and fires in Australia.

The Ekman spiral results from friction and the Coriolis effect, while Ekman transport results from:

wind.

In the southern hemisphere, the direction of Ekman transport is:

to the left of the wind direction.

Which type of flow works in opposition to Ekman transport gyre?

gravity-driven circulation.

Thermohaline circulation is driven by

density differences

Compared to Antarctic Bottom Water, North Atlantic Deep Water is:

warmer, and higher in salinity

The location where water flows uninterrupted between the Pacific, the Atlantic, and the Indian Oceans is

in the Southern Ocean

The arrangement of water masses in the southern Atlantic Ocean from the surface bottom is:

Antarctic Intermediate Water, North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Bottom Water.

Word Analysis. Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

Gulf of Alaska. Agulhas Current. Peru Current. strong trade winds.

The largest wind-generated waves tend to be associated with the:

westerlies.

The ratio of wave height to wavelength is called the:

wave steepness

The time it takes for a full wave to pass a stationary object is called the wave:

Period.

Deep-water waves are:

orbital waves.

Wave speed is equal to

wavelength divided by period.

Storm surges are generated by intense:

low-pressure systems.

The circular motion of water molecules extends to a depth that is equal to:

wavelength/2

The diameter of a wave orbital at the surface is equal to:

wave height.

A deep-water wave occurs when the water depth is greater than or equal to:

1/2 of wavelength.

All of the following are shallow-water waves except:

All of the above are examples of shallow water waves.

The speed of a shallow-water wave is proportional to:

water depth.

The speed of a deep-water wave is proportional to:

wavelength.

Capillary and gravity waves are named for the:

dominant restoring force.

The height of a wave depends upon

fetch, wind duration, and wind speed.

The fetch refers to:

the distance over which wind blows without interruption.

An internal wave might form:

at a density boundary within the ocean.

As a wave begins to feel bottom near a shoreline, its wave height:

increases and wavelength decreases.

Constructive interference results in larger waves while destructive interference produces:

smaller waves.

A wave will break when:

steepness > 1:7.

Waves that are moving faster than local wind and are sorted out by wavelength are called:

swell.

Waves that are breaking along the shore and are forming a curling crest over an air pocket are called:

plunging breakers.

If a surfer wishes to have a really long ride, what type of wave should he or she look for?

spilling breakers.

Waves converge on headlands due to:

wave refraction.

Which of the following from earliest to latest represents the typical order of formation of waves?

sea, swell, surf.

Rouge waves tend to occur:

where storm waves move against strong surface currents.

Standing waves may be caused by:

wave reflection.

A tsunami may result from:

tectonic activity on the seafloor.

A tsunami is considered to be a:

shallow water wave.

Word Analysis. Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

Spilling. Period. Swell.