Click here to tell your browser to print these cards.
These are designed to be printed in landscape mode on 4x6 index cards.
To save paper, we recommend using your computer's print preview until you get your printer settings correct.
| Archaeologists know that substantial differences in wealth developed only after: |
| 6,000 years |
| Unlike archaeologists, ethnologists: |
| draw on a database principally of observations and interviews with living people |
|
A human paleontologist would be least interested in: a. primates b. human evolution c. human genetics d. fossil evidence of humans |
| c. human genetics |
| Archaeology is a sub field of: |
| Cultural Anthropology |
| The study of how languages change through time and how they may be related is: |
| historical linguistics |
|
An ethnographer would: a. work in the fiel for long periods of time b. work with applied anthropologists in developing foreign aid projects c. make many cross cultural comparisons |
| a. work in the field for long periods of time |
|
An ethnohistorian would: a. study only past cultures, much as archaeologists do b. study the ways in which cultures have changed over time |
| b. study the ways in which cultures have changed over time |
| Applied anthropologists practice in: |
| All sub fields of anthropology |
| Anthropology is literally the study of: |
| Humans |
| The _____ seeks to understand how and why peoples of today differ from peoples of the recent past in their customary ways of thinking and acting. |
| ethnologist |
| Compared to the anthropology of earlier years, anthroplogy today is: |
| is more specialized |
| Compared to anthropologists of previous years, an anthropologist of today is likely to: |
| compare customs in other cultures to the standards of western society |
|
Which of the following is not usually considered a sub field of anthropology? a. archaeology b. physical anthropology c. anthropological linguistics d. applied anthropology |
| d. applied anthropology |
|
a human paleontologist is least likely to depend on studies carried out in the field of: a. comparative primate behavior b. comparative anatomy c. general vertebrate paleontology d. sociolinguistics |
| d. sociolinguistics |
|
which of the following would not be considered part of cultural anthropology? a. archaeology be. anthropological linguistics c. ethnology d. human paleontology |
| d. human paleontology |
| Compared to the historian, the anthropologist is |
| more likely to study societies older than 5,000 years |
| unlike other linguists, anthropological linguists are primarily interested in: |
| unwritten languages |
| Unlike ethnologists, ethnographers: |
| describe a given society based on their own fieldwork |
|
Anthropologists believe that culture is: a. inherited b. learned and shared c. transmitted only form one group to another d. only a small part of how people learn their behaviors
|
| b. learned and shared |
| the most powerful transmitter of culture is probably: |
| language |
| Variations in individual behavior are confined within ____ acceptable limits |
| socially |
| What did anthropologists discover regarding same-sex touching in Kenya? |
| Thouching someone of the same sex is not necessarily sexual |
| standards or rules acout what is acceptable behavior are reffered to by scientists as: |
| norms |
| In the early days of anthropology, the prevailing view that culture develops in a uniform and progressive manner was known as: |
| early evolutionism |
|
The attitude of cultural relativism is: a. discouraged by most anthropologsits today b. impeded by the belief called early evolutionsim b. held by most people in the world today |
| b. impeded by the belief called early evolutionsim |
|
Emile Durkheim stressed that culture is something _______ us exerting a strong ______ power on us. a. inside/coercive b. outside/limiting c. outisde/coercive |
| c. outside/coercive |
| Elizabeth Zechenter suggests that the concept of ____ is often used to justify traditions desired by the dominant and powerful. |
| cultural relativism |
| The term "subculture" refers to: |
| the variant culture of a group of people within a larger society |
|
The fact that monkeys and apes can learn new behaviors from each other: a. does not necessarily mean that they have culture, since their social life may be purely instinctual b. suggests that they have culture c. suggests they are ancestral to modern humans |
| a. does not necessarily mean theat they have culture, since their social life may be purely instinctual |
|
Which type of behavior would most appropriately be studied with a random sample of individuals? a. public behavior b. unconscious behavior c. private behavior d. both b and c |
| d. both unconscious behavior and private behavior |
| One factor that might explain why culture is integrated is: |
| that different traits must be consistent with the psychological make-up of people in that culture |
|
Why would !Kung individuals in the Kalahari Desert give away all of the animals they kill every day? a. they are really nice people who care for eachother b. keeping the meat to one's self would be wasteful because it would rot c. spiritual beings show them the true way to live in communal harmony |
| b. keeping the meat to one's self would be wasteful becuase it would rot |
| a group within a society that hold commonly shared customs is a |
| subculture |
| In discovering cultural patterns, anthropologists may find it necessary to conduct surveys. What sampling technique is most likely to produce a representative sample? |
| Random sampling |
| Why are maladaptive customs likely to disappear from a society? |
| They diminish the chances of survival and reproduction |
| The concept of cultural integration means that: |
| cultural elements are related and support each other |
|
a complex system of spoken, symbolic communication that we call language: a. probably originated in a few societies 20,000 years ago b. has existed in every human society ever discovered c. probably originated about the same time as agriculture |
| b. has existed in every human society ever discovered |
|
The frequency distribution of behavior patterns in a group very often takes form of a(an): a. bell shaped curve b. straight line graph c. S shaped curve |
| bell shaped curve |
|
behavioral ecology is like cultural ecology in that it: a. shares the idea that natural selection can operate on the behavioral or social characteristics of populations and not just on their physical traits. b. places a great deal of importance on genes c. emphasizes that behavior must be adaptive in evolutionary terms |
| a. shares the idea that natural selection can operate on the behavioral or social characteristics of populations and not just on their physical traits |
|
Cultural ecology focuses mostly on what biologists would call: a. group selection b. individual selection c. individual behavior d. group behavior |
| a. group selection |
|
In contrast to cultural ecology, behavioral ecology focuses mostly on what biologists would call: a. individual selection b. group selection c. individual behavior d. group behavior |
| a. individual selection |
|
A theoretical construct is something: a. that can be shown to exist b. ephemeral and unknowable c. that cannot be observed or verified directly |
| c. that cannot be observed or verified directly |
|
A random sample is done inside of a: a. population b. sampling universe c. society d. small group |
| b. sampling universe |
|
Unlike the humanist, the goal of the scientist is: a. interpretation b. evocation c. testing interpretations to see if they are wrong d. objectivity |
| c. testing interpretations to see if they are wrong. |
|
An explanation is an answer to: a. a "what" question b. a "why" question c. a "how" question d. all of the above |
| b. a "why" question |
|
In the physical scientces, a law is a: a. relationship between two or more variable whose existence is suggested by repeated observation b. an association or relationship that is accepted by almost all scientists |
| b. an association or relationship that is accepted by almost all scientists |
|
a statistical association is: a. a relationship between two variables that may be meaningful and is unlikely to be due to chance b. an organization devoted to the documentation of numerical information from different societies c. one kind of theory |
| a. a relationship between to varieables that may be meaninful and is unlikely to be due to chance |
|
A description of the procedure used to measure a variable is known as a(an): a. hypothesis b. operational definition c. theoretical construct |
| b. operational definition |
|
The archive known as the Human Relations Area Files: a. is located at Harvard University b. specializes in providing information on social problems in societies aroudn the world c. is an ever-growing collection of ethnographic books and articles that have been indexed and cross-references to make them easier to consult |
| c. is an ever-growing collection of ethnographic books and articles that have been indexed and cross-references to make them easier to consult |
|
Statistical tests of significance can help us: a. measure variables b. prove theories c. determine the level of importance we should attach to a theoretical construct d. determine whether our results are attributable to chance. |
| d. determine whether our results are attributable to chance. |
|
Which of the folloring is most likely to depend on data collected firsthand? a. cross-cultural researcher b. ethnographer c. cross-historical researcher |
| b. ethnographer |
|
____ is the analysis of the relationship between a culture and its environment: a. ecology b. cultural ecology d. biological ecology |
| b. cultural ecology |
|
The school of thought known as ____ assumes that external fores explain the way a society changes and adapts: a. cultural ecology b. psychological anthropology d. political economy |
|
a. cultural ecology |
|
Theories are: a. ideas which explain untested hypotheses b. explanations of laws and statistcal associations |
| b. explanations of laws and statistcal associations |
|
How a researcher describes the procedure that will be followed to measure a variable is: a. the theory b. the operational definition |
| b. the operational definition |
|
One disadvantage of the cross-cultural approach is that it: a. can test only those explantions for which the required information is avialable in ethnographies b. does not allow for the statistical evaluation of data |
| a. can test only those explantions for which the required information is avialable in ethnographies |
|
In contrast to historical studies, cross-cultural studies ahve the advantage of: a. being replicated more easitly b. being more easily generalized in a wide range of societies c. does not allow for the statictical evaluation of data |
| b. being more easily generalized in a wide range of societies |
|
some antrhopologists have argued that language as we know it developed only with the emergence of modern-looking humans about: a. 750,000 years ago b. 500,000 c. 200,000 d. 100,000 |
| d. 100,000 |
| How many mutually unintelligible languages have been identified? |
| 4,000-5,000 |
|
Which statement best describes the spoken language of the Haitians of the Caribbean? a. the elite speak French, and the masses speak a degraded version of French called patois b. All Haitians speak Haitian Creole, and the official language of government, business, and eduction is French. c. 92% of the people speak French consistently, in order to compete for scarce jobs. |
| b. All Haitians speak Haitian Creole, and the official language of government, business, and eduction is French. |
|
A _____ is a sound to a linguist? a. phone b. phoneme c. morph d. morpheme |
| a. phone |
|
The smallest unit of language that has meaning is a: a. phone b. phoneme c. morph d. morpheme |
| c. morph |
|
A set of related sounds is known as a: a. phone b. phoneme c. morph d. morpheme |
| b. phoneme |
|
A pidgin language is: a. is a simplified language based on the language of a dominant goup b. is a Creole language to which additional, key grammatical forms have been added. |
| is a simplified language based on the language of a dominant goup |
|
A Creole language is a: a. simplified language based on the language of a dominant gorup b. pidgin language to which additional, key grammatical forms have been added. |
| b. pidgin language to which additional, key grammatical forms have been added. |
|
Compared ot people in simpler societies, people in complex societies: a. commonly can give a larger number of general, or life-form, terms for plants and animals b. commonly have the same number of general terms for plants, but more terms for specific plants c. usually have more names for specific plants, but the same nubmer of general plant terms |
| a. commonly can give a larger number of general, or life-form, terms for plants and animals |
| Children have developed an innate sense of grammer by what age? |
| 18-24 months |
|
The Sapir Whorf hypothesis states that: a. societies are heavily influenced by their languages b. language is a force in its own right, and it affects how individual sin a society percieive and conceive realisty c. culture is the molder of language: languages reflect the values, attitudes, and beliefs of the society |
| b. language is a force in its own right, and it affects how individual sin a society percieive and conceive realisty |
| the word communicate comes from the latin word meaning: |
| to share |
| For which animal have reserachers demonstrated the symbolic meaning of certain forms of communication used naturally in the wild? |
| vervet monkeys |
|
The slightly varying sounds that are the building blocks of language are called: |
| phones |
|
An example of a bound morpheme in English is: a. the word "doghouse" b. the phrase in the "dog house" c. the s in the word "dogs" |
| c. the s in the word "dogs" |
|
The word "higher" contains: a. two bound morphemes b. one bound morepheme and one free morpheme c. one free morpheme and one phoneme |
| b. one bound morepheme and one free morpheme |
| Which society would probably have the most basic color terms? |
| a society whose people have darker eyes |