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| What best defines “randomization” in biomedical research? |
| It is a method of distributing animals among the different groups needed for the study. |
| Which of the following does not cause enteritis in hamsters? |
| Mycoplasma spp. |
| According to statistics, what percentage of the people who work with laboratory animals develop allergic symptoms? |
| 30 |
| According to statistics, what percentage of the people who work with laboratory animals develop allergic symptoms? |
| 30 |
| What is the role of cytokines? |
| They serve to transmit information about the presence of a foreign substance from the receptor molecule to other molecules and cells of the immune system. |
| What is an example of an activity that reflects the transcendence level in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? |
| Mentoring a subordinate |
| Which of the following is not a recommendation included in the section of the manual describing the hiring process? |
| The job description should specifically list all the tasks that the employee will need to perform. |
| Adding an analgesic sedative to ketamine administration has which of the following effects? |
| It prevents muscle rigidity. |
| The function of various brain regions have been mapped using which technique? |
| Positron emission tomography |
| For small scale accidents in the facility, in what order should the following three steps be taken? |
| Leave the area, call for help, secure the area. |
| Which of the following are true of axenic animals as compared to animals with normal microflora? |
| They have generally lower enzyme levels. |
| Microfilaria isolated from fresh blood smears are an indication that the animal suffers from which disease? |
| Heartworms |
| Where does translation take place? |
| In the ribosomes |
| Which of the following is not required by FDA GLPs standard operating procedures? |
| Staff PPE use |
| Pharmacologists who develop new drugs or modify existing drugs to reduce their side effects, for example, would probably regularly use a drug classification system based on which feature? |
| Chemical structure |
| What is another term for macrophages? |
| Antigen-presenting cells |
| Isolators must have what device to allow materials to pass through to the isolator without contaminating the animals? |
| Port |
| What is a major advantage of fluoroscopy over standard radiography? |
| It takes moving pictures. |
| What is Bremsstrahlung? |
| X-ray produced by beta particles when they decelerate |
| Which of the following statements represents the type of comments the supervisor should use in commenting on a completed task? |
| "Next time, you need to use the other disinfectant." |
| Why is cyclosporin A often used in individuals who have received tissue transplants? |
| It is an immunosuppressant drug |
| Which of the following characteristics does not apply to morphine? |
| It causes an increase in respiratory rate. |
| In which techniques is the x-ray beam rotated 360° around the patient to allow precise location of lesions? |
| Computed tomography |
| Why is neomycin not given by the enteral route? |
| It is toxic. |
| Which is the stage when a protozoan parasite actively multiplies? |
| Trophozoite |
| Which of the following statements apply to antibodies? |
| They are produced in plasma cells. |
| What is a common side effect of anethesia induced with pentobarbital? |
| Hypothermia |
| Salmonella, Shigella, and Streptococcus are often identified by which characteristic? |
| Serological typing |
| If you read an article that states that the results showed a significant difference at the 0.05 level, what does this mean? |
| There is a 95% probability that the difference is real. |
| For an aerosol to be used inhalation therapy, the particles must be smaller than what size? |
| 5 µm |
| In a study that attempts to determine if using treats such as pieces of carrots to elicit a desired behavior in rats (move through a tunnel to a new cage) helps the rats learn the behavior quicker, what would the independent variable be? |
| The treats |
| Which of the following statements regarding atrophic rhinitis is true? |
| There is little that can be done to reverse the damage from atrophic rhinitis once it has occurred. |
| Who is responsible for providing security-related training to all staff in an animal facility? |
| The animal facility’s veterinary and supervisory staff |
| What is one reason to use a pre-anesthetic treatment? |
| Reduce the amount of anesthetic needed |
| In rebreathing systems, the concentration of anesthetic is usually expressed as which of the following? |
| Percentage of anesthetic gas in fresh air |
| What best describes polyclonal antibodies? |
| They are groups of antibodies that react with different sites on the same antigen. |
| Which of the following represents a difference between hysterectomy derivation and embryo transfer? |
| In one case the embryos are at term and in the other case, the embryos used are at an earlier stage of development. |
| Which of the following statements apply to haploid cells? |
| They are the germ cells. |
| In rebreathing anesthesia systems, what reaches the animal’s lungs? |
| A mixture of fresh and exhaled gases |
| What best describe a mutation? |
| A permanent change in the DNA sequence in some or all of an animal’s cells |
| What does an antibody titer measure? |
| The lowest dilution of the blood sample that gives a positive result when exposed to the antigen |
| Where does replication take place? |
| In the nucleus |
| Researchers who work with serum, blood, or tissues from humans or apes should receive what vaccine? |
| Hepatitis B |
| How is the mouse thymic virus detected? |
| Indirect immunoflurorescence assay |
| Which of the following agents has been nicknamed the "injectable gas?" |
| Propofol |
| If the plasma appears cloudy in the hematocrit tube, it could be an indication of which condition? |
| Hyperlipemia |
| In AIDS, the HIV virus destroys which of the cells involved in the immune response? |
| T helper cells and macrophages |
| The concentration of which of the following is usually expressed as grams per deciliter (g/dL)? |
| Hemoglobin |
| Which technique allows real time moving images to be observed? |
| Fluoroscopy |
| Pregnancy and allergic reactions are two conditions that often cause an elevation in which white blood cell type? |
| Eosinophils |
| Which of the following statements apply to all bacteria? |
| They do not have mitochondria in their cytoplasm. |
| What imaging technique allows the observation of biological processes as they occur? |
| Positron emission tomography |
| Atropine and glycopyrrolate belong in which of the following types of drugs? |
| Anticholinergics |
| What is an inflammation of the upper respiratory tract in swine associated with Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasturella multocida? |
| Atrophic rhinitis |
| Which of the following statements is true of nonrebreathing systems? |
| They produce large amounts of WAGs |
| Which of the following describes Carbon-14 (14C), tritium (3H), and Iodine-125 (125I)? |
| radioisotopes |
| Contagious ecthyma is also known as _______ or _____________. |
| orf, sore mouth |
| Which pinworm infection can be detected by a tape test? |
| Syphacia |
| Which of the following drugs can reverse the effect of opioids? |
| Nalorphine and naloxone |
| The presence of a pathogen in the animals procured from a vendor may not be detected by the health surveillance program for up to how long? |
| up to 3 months |
| Dose rates are generally expressed as |
| mg/kg. |
| Which of the following carbohydrates is a monosaccharide? |
| Glucose |
| The ability to clearly relate the facility’s goals to the staff is an example of: |
| communication skills. |
| What is the most common disease of freshwater fish maintained in aquaria in institutional settings? |
| Microsporidiosis |
| When wild type females are bred to hemizygous males, what percentage of the offspring can be expected to have the transgene? |
| 50% |
| What is the predominant type of immunoglobulins found in the saliva of mammals? |
| IgA |
| What does the term “drug spectrum” refer to? |
| The type of organisms it is effective against |
| What is the product of translation? |
| Protein |
| Enzootic pneumonia is caused primarily by which pathogen? |
| Mycoplasma spp. |
| What additional publication from USDA clarifies the intent of the Animal Welfare Act? |
| The Animal Care Policy Manual |
| Which class of biosafety cabinets offers the most protection to personnel? |
| Class III |
| Which of the following scientists are associated with the development of the basic concepts of immunology? |
| Jenner and Pasteur |
| What best describes alpha particles? |
| They consist of two protons. |
| What is a characteristic of the respiratory pattern of surgical anesthesia? |
| Breathing initiated in the thoracic-abdominal area |
| Which of the following zoonotic viral disease often remains asymptomatic in infected macaques and can be fatal in humans? |
| Cercopithecine herpevirus I |
| Which agency administers the Animal Welfare Act? |
| APHIS |
| What term describes lice infestation? |
| Pediculosis |
| Which of the following treatments is commonly used in laboratory animals to prevent transplant rejection? |
| Radiation exposure to kill immune system cells |
| The confidence level is an index of: |
| certainty. |
| The cost for personnel generally represents what percentage of an animal facility’s budget? |
| More than 60% |
| Among the red blood indices, which one provides information about the average size of the individual red blood cells? |
| Mean corpuscular volume |
| Why are adjuvants used in vaccines? |
| To enhance the immune response |
| What does an ultrasonic doppler flow detector measure? |
| Blood pressure |
| Which of the following applies to certified feeds? |
| The concentration of contaminants is below maximum acceptable levels. |
| Mycobacteriosis in fish is thought to spread through which of the following? |
| Cannibalism of dead tank mates |
| Antibody-mediated immune response is associated with which kind of cells? |
| B cells |
| What is another name for infectious tracheobronchitis? |
| Kennel cough |
| The introduction of an antibiotic resistance gene into a DNA fragment is used for what purpose? |
| It helps identify the cells that have integrated the transgene. |
| Using an anticholinergic before anesthesia helps prevent which of the following? |
| Choking while under anesthesia |
| If you are anesthetizing a 5 kg dog using a rebreathing system, what capacity would you choose for the rebreathing bag? |
| 100 ml |
| Describe a good way to give an anesthetic "to effect" using the intravenous route. |
| Half the dose is injected at once, the rest is injected in small amounts as needed until the desired stage of anesthesia is reached. |
| Which organization has developed standards and guidelines to help prevent the transmission of zoonoses through importation of animals? |
| The World Organization for Animal Health |
| What are the three steps involved in an acquired immunity response to a foreign substance? |
| Recognition, processing, response |
| Abdominal distention, dehydration, tooth grinding and a sloshing sound when the abdomen is palpated are clinical signs of which rabbit disease? |
| Mucoid enteropathy |
| What easily observable signs could suggest a diagnosis of dermatophytosis? |
| Crusty lesions around a few hairs or a slight scaliness of the skin |
| Which of the following are the weakest bonds in DNA? |
| Base-base |
| Which immune system cells secrete antibodies? |
| Plasma cells |
| What best describe the "community right-to-know" regulations? |
| A list of all hazardous materials present in the facility must be made available to local emergency response groups. |
| An anesthetic log should be kept for each animal. How often should vital parameters be recorded? |
| Every 10-15 minutes |
| A mycelium is formed by which of the following? |
| A mold colony |
| As a radioactive substance decays, the energy and particles that are emitted are referred to by which term? |
| Radiation |
| Which of the following is not a major difference between the structure and chemical makeup of DNA and RNA? |
| DNA has nitrogenous bases while RNA has hydrogenous bases. |
| How often should a research facility using regulated species update their USDA registration? |
| Every 3 years |
| hich of the following is not a common gastrointestinal conditions in laboratory rabbits? |
| Mycoplasmosis |
| What is the primary reason for the establishment and maintenance of a breeding colony? |
| To produce animals of a specific genotype |
| Which of the following drugs is a dissociative agent? |
| Ketamine |
| How often must the PHS assurance be resubmitted? |
| Every 5 years |
| How should a urine sample for microbiological analysis be obtained? |
| Perform a cystocentesis. |
| What disease can cause fatal respiratory disease in newborn and weanling mice? |
| Sendai virus |
| Which of the following statements represents the type of comments the supervisor should use in commenting on a completed task? |
| "Next time, you need to use the other disinfectant." |
| Xylazine is which type of drug? |
| Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist |
| What best describes category C animals? |
| Animals not experiencing pain or distress |
| What does the term “gnotobiotics” mean? |
| Well-known life |