The Opening of Psalm 1 in the Windmill Psalter

London 1270-1280

• Ink, pigments, and gold on vellum
• 4 evangelists depicted on the corners
• Windmill = religious symbol
• Illuminated manuscript- English learnt this from the French
• Celtic inner ribboning- Learnt from the Vikings
• Animal motifs- Viking tradition
• Depiction of King Solomon
• 3 Dimensional angel
• Tree of Jesse- Shows how Mary connects Jesus to King David through Jesse, an ancestor of Mary

Salisbury Cathedral

English Church 1220-1258

• Excellent example of a Gothic Cathedral
• Thrust is upwards, narrow, and pointy- Based on English theory that cathedrals should be more celestial
• Located in a very green and open space
• Mighty crossing tower with a tall spire in the middle of the knave- focal point of the building

• The last sleep of the Virgin Mary
• In the Strassberg Cathedral of France
• On one of the portals/doorways 
• Sculptor uses the whole tipernum
• Emphasizes on the different faecs of the grievers
• Jesus is also depicted with a halo and holding Mary's young soul

Sculpture of St. Maurice

Magdeburg Cathedral, Magdeburg, Germany 1240-1250

• Dark sandstone statue of St. Maurice
• Shows German interest in realism
• First surviving representation of Maurice as a black African- Egyptian origins

Ekkehard and Uta

Naumburg Cathedral, Germany 1245-1260

• Portrait-like stone sculpture of a couple
• Ekkehard was a German magistre
• Uta a polish beauty
• Faces are expressive and realistic

Pulpit in Pisa Cathedral

Nicola Pisano Baptistery, Pisa, Italy 1260

• Pisano's design is made of marble
• Decorative Corinthian columns 
• Nativity scene on one of the columns is very romanesque
• Very detailed including Mary's midwife, Tree of Jesse, and other details

Nativity

Giovanni Pisano Detail of pulpit, Cathedral, Pisa 1302-1310

• Marble design by Giovanni Pisano, Nicola's son
• Figures are sugnificantly more expressive and deeply carved

Crucifix

Coppo di Marcovaldo, Franciscan convent in San Gimignano, Italy 1250-1270

• Shows the agony and suffering of Christ
• Christ is thin, bony, wounds showing, head dropped
• Historical cross- Scenes of the passion within the cross
• Gold on a wood panel

Enthroned Christ with Saints, from the Strozzi Altarpiece

Strozzi Chapel, Santa Maria Novella, Florence 1354-1357

• Incredibly elaborate
• Made of amrble, mosiac, gold, etc.
• Jesus is in the center looking down on Mary's body
• One of the first works done until the Black Death

Dome of Florence Cathedral (Santa Maria Del Fiore)

Filippo Brunelleschi 1420-1436

• Front doors- depict the life of John the Baptist
• Made of bronze

Virgin and Child Enthroned

Giotto di Bondone, Florence 1305-1310

• Nice perspective- Feeling of 3 dimension
• Made mostly of gold on a wood panel

Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel

Giotto di Bondone 1305-1306

• All frescos designed by Giotto
• Various Biblical depictions- Pieta: Expressive faces, vivid colors, people's backs facing us, etc.
• Expresses 2 sides- The grieving sadness and on the other side of the wall the temporal angels
• The cherubs (angels)- Extremely expressive and full of motion

Visperbild (Pieta)

From the middle rhine region, Germany 1330

• Shows great pity and emotion
• Apart of its own genre
• Germans emphasized the suffering of Christ
• Made of wood and polychromy

St. Luke

Master Theodoric, Holy Cross Chapel near Prague 1360-1364

• Winged ox = symbol of St. Luke
• Might be a self portrait of Master Theodoric
• Very colorful and lots of mysticism

The Ghent Altarpiece, Anunciation with donors

Jan and Hubert Van Eyck Brothers 1432

• Great use of perspective
• Painted marble statue- donors
• Depiction of the anunciation scene
• Angel Gabriel holding a lily = symbol of Mary's purity
• Mary holding an open book= symbol of her devotion

January, the Duke of Berry at Table. Tres Riches Heures

Paul, Herman, and Jean Limbourg 1411-1416 Chantilly, France

• Illuminated manuscript
• Apart of a caladar book- January, Capricorn moves to aquarius 
• Letter sized
• Very elaborate/packed with lots of colors
• Shows use of perspective
• Depicts a very lavish lifestyle- suggests that all of this wealth and happiness is due to the astrological signs, the suns, etc.

February, Life in the Country. Tres Riches Heures

Paul, Herman, and Jean Limbourg 1411-1416 Chantilly, France

• Zodiac symbols fill the upper arcs
• Shows true winter life in the country

Unicorn is Found at the Fountain

From the Hunt of the Unicorn tapestry series 1495-1505

• Lots of Christian under tones
• Unicorn = incarnation
• Shows perspective through weaving
• Tapestries often lost their colors and women are usually associated with making them

Merode Altarpiece (Triptych of the Annunciation)

Workshop of the Master of Flemalle

1425-1430s

• Depicts the anunciation
• Patrons for the apinting on the side
• Symbols: Lily on the table, open books, and candle burning out- Beginning/end of Christ
• Joseph the Carpenter on the other side
• Mousetraps on the floor = trapping the devil
• Tools = tools used for the crucifixion
• Use of perspective to show the city in the background

Man in a Red Turban

Jan van Eyck 1433

• Projects a strong sense of personality
• Could be a self portrait in which physical apperance is magnified
• the red of the turban glows- dominating the painting

Double Portrait of A Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife

Jan van Eyck 1434

• Clothing, pets, oranges, etc. all signs of wealth
• Shoes are taken off = Holy place
• Mirror in the back has scenes from the passion of christ around it
• Signature of Eyck = Witness of the betrothel

Lady with a White Veil

Van der Weydon 1455

• Realistic portrayl
• Example of portrait paintings from the Netherlands

Trinity with the Virgin, St. John, and Donors

Masaccio 1425-1428

• Used the Bruneleschi perspective technique
• Painting is very 3 dimensional