Endothelial cells are classified as ________________.

Chemotaxic factors ______________________.

Of the following, which is/are true regarding collagen?

Vasoconstriction occurs immediately following soft tissue damage. Why?

Mast cells synthesize which of the following?

Which of the following pairings of tissue type and ability to regenerate is incorrect?

The prominent phagocyte at the end of acute inflammation is the ________________.

The metabolic activity of the fibroblasts is greatest during which stage of the inflammatory response?

The swelling associated with acute inflammation is primarily the result of ________________.

All of the following promote vasodilation except ______________.

Collagen is _________________.

Of the following, which is not a true statement regarding the acute inflammatory response?

Resolution of swelling following acute tissue injury is primarily due to ________________.

The conversion of prekallikrein to kallikrein ____________________.

Neutrophils perpetuate the inflammatory response by releasing _______________ when they die.

Macrophages _____________________________.

Of the following, which is/are true regarding mast cells?

The prominent phagocyte associated with chronic inflammation, such as that occurring with rheumatoid arthritis, is the ______________________.

Pain during movement, but not at rest, is most associated with ______________.

Macrophages are attracted into an area of damaged tissue by cationic proteins released from ____________.

Older individuals are prone to developing swelling in the feet and ankles due to failure of the valves in the veins of the legs. Blood pools in the veins, creating an _______________________________, which limits absorption from the interstitium.

The length of time required for healing depends on all the following EXCEPT

The primary sign and/or symptom resulting from altered capillary filtration pressure balance is

All of the following are signs of shock EXCEPT

The greatest effect of histamine is

Neutrophil chemotactic factor

Prostaglandin E2

All of the following are correct regarding oxygen free radicals EXCEPT

All of the following are considered labile cells EXCEPT

All of the following are considered stabile cells EXCEPT

All of the following are considered permanent cells EXCEPT

Only damaged vascularized tissues can heal via the inflammatory response, while avascular tissues cannot heal

The acute inflammatory response lasts until damaged tissue has been removed and new capillaries are formed.

The body's own mechanisms cannot control blood loss.

Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are derived from arachidonic acid, which is produced from phospholipids

The protein cascades function with the chemical mediators released from all injured cells.

What type of therapeutic modalities can decrease pain?

All of the following anatomical levels of pain transmission can be affected by therapeutic modalities EXCEPT

Which one of the following are considered first-order neurons?

Which one of the following are considered second-order neurons?

All of the following are sensory receptor classifications EXCEPT

Superficial receptors transmit all of the following sensations EXCEPT

Deep receptors transmit all of the following sensations EXCEPT

Sensory nerve fibers can be grouped by each of the following EXCEPT

All of the following pertain to C fibers EXCEPT

Which of the following can evoke the goal of pain modulation in a descending fashion?

Which of the following brain areas has/have influence on the descending pathway?

All of the following neuroactive peptides are believed to facilitate synaptic transmission in nociceptive pathways EXCEPT

All of the following are endogenous opioids that inhibit pain transmission EXCEPT

All of the following apply to endorphins EXCEPT

Of the following, which would be considered part of the nociceptive pathway "to the brain"?

According to the gate control theory, the substantia gelatinosa __________________.

A-beta primary afferent fibers _________________________.

Nerve fibers in the spinothalamic tract are ___________________.

Depolarization of nociceptive-specific second-order afferents _________________.

_____________ nerves are most responsible for fast pain "sensation" and are myelinated and larger in diameter

_____________ nerves are most responsible for slower pain "sensation" and are smallest in diameter.

Descending pain modulation uses feedback loops that involve several different nuclei in the brainstem.

The conduction velocity of a nerve fiber is related to the diameter and the degree of myelination.

Pain is difficult to assess because it is a sign rather than a symptom.

The VPL and the VPM nuclei are identified as the most significant for pain transmission and pain modulation.

Serotonergic neurons are presumed to have a direct monosynaptic inhibitory effect on the T cell

Wedenski's inhibition is often seen with high-frequency currents such as Russian stimulation

Kehr's sign, or left shoulder pain due to spleen trauma, is a type of ____________ pain.

What does each letter in the acronym PQRST stand for when one is asking questions of a patient about pain?

All of the following are used as assessment tools in order to gauge whether a specific treatment has the desired outcome EXCEPT

Of the following, which are reasons that a patient might report improvement for reasons other than the treatment given by the ATC?

All of the following are patient self-report instruments that assist clinicians in deciding if the treatment outcome is desired EXCEPT

All of the following are necessary components of a well-designed, randomized, controlled clinical trial EXCEPT

All of the following are important to consider when assessing the methodological quality of randomized controlled clinical trials EXCEPT

The challenge across health care is to provide the care necessary to optimize treatment outcome in the most efficient manner.

The goal of evidence-based medicine is that, ultimately, the most beneficial treatments will become the standard of care while ineffective treatments will be discontinued.

An ice pack is an example of which form of thermal energy transfer?

 A warm whirlpool is an example of which form of thermal energy transfer?

An infrared heat lamp is an example of which form of thermal energy transfer?

Commercial cold packs

For contrast therapy, all of the following ratios of cooling time to rewarming time are acceptable EXCEPT

All of the following are true about cryokinetics EXCEPT

All of the following pertain to Raynaud’s phenomenon EXCEPT

All of the following are special precautions to be considered when using cryotherapy EXCEPT

All of the following are physiological responses in superficial tissues to superficial heat EXCEPT

All of the following are true about the use of counterirritants EXCEPT

Of the following, which is/are true regarding cryotherapy?

Which alters tissue temperature 2 cm below the skin surface?

Which results in decreased muscle spindle activity?

Of the following, which is/are true regarding cold application?

Of the following, which is a correct statement regarding the response to superficial heat?

An athlete presents five days following a second-degree hamstring strain. The athlete has some pain with activity and demonstrates a loss of hamstring flexibility. The athlete performs an ice massage over the injured hamstring and four long, slow hamstring stretches. The athlete stretches much farther than before applying the ice. What is the best explanation for this observation?

Superficial heat _________________________________________.

Warm whirlpools __________________________________.

Paraffin ______________________.

Numbness in the volar aspect of the fourth and fifth fingers following the application of ice to the elbow is consistent with which of the following?

Fluidotherapy units __________________________________.

The height of an infrared heating lamp is lowered from 20 to 10 in. above the skin. At a fixed treatment time, what will be the impact on tissue heating?

Which of the following would be the best treatment choice for the following patient problem? The athlete is a 45-year-old tennis player who underwent ORIF for a displaced fracture of the proximal phalanx of the index finger eight weeks ago. The pin fixation was recently removed. The primary complaint is lack of motion in the M-P and PIP joints.

Which of the following would be the best treatment choice for the following patient problem? The athlete is a 20-year-old volleyball player who suffered a first-degree lateral ankle sprain two days ago. The team is participating in the NCAA regional tournament in two days. The team physician will allow the athlete to play, but the athlete limps while walking and has not jogged or jumped since the injury. There is some swelling but it does not limit motion.

To optimize the heating under an infrared lamp, the cosine law dictates that the lamp be positioned so that the angle between the heated surface and the light is 90°.

Ice massage is an excellent way to reduce pain prior to therapeutic exercise.

Larger temperature decreases are seen in muscles than in joints following cryotherapy

Superficial vasoconstriction occurs primarily through reflex mechanisms while decreased metabolic activity is responsible for decreased blood flow in deeper tissues.

Based on the randomized controlled trials in the literature, cryotherapy has a dramatic effect on expediting the recovery from injury.

Based on the randomized controlled trials in the literature, superficial heat has a dramatic effect on expediting the recovery from injury.

The primary theory supporting the use of contrast therapy is cycles of vasodilation and vasoconstriction that create a pumping action to decrease swelling.

During the acute inflammatory response, use of an ice pack should be combined with __________________.

_________________are the primary risk of superficial heating.

The two most common sites of cold-induced nerve palsy resulting in motor loss are the ___________ and ______________ nerves.