Vector Graphic
artwork that is composed of mathematical descriptions of a series of lines and geometric shapes. ________ usually have a series of “anchor points” that are then connected with lines. ________ are resolution independent; they can be freely scaled and are automatically output at the resolution of the output device.
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Raster Image
a grid of individual pixels (rasters or bits) in rows and columns (called a bitmap). _____ files are resolution dependent which is usually determined when you scan, photograph or create the file originally.
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Pixel
the smallest element of an image that can be individually processed in a video display system; looks like a square of color. Each ____ can either be 1-dimensional or have depth which determines how many colors a monitor can display
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Rasterize
 the process of converting a vector image into a bitmap image
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Resolution
the degree of sharpness of a computer-generated image as measured by the number of dots per linear inch in a hard-copy printout or the number of pixels across and down on a display screen
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Resampling
In graphics software, the ______ command is used to increase or decrease the size and/or resolution of a bitmap-based image. An image is _____ to increase the resolution by adding new pixels. An image is down______ to decrease the resolution by throwing out pixels. _______ an image usually results in a loss of image quality.
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Pixels per inch (ppi)
is the number of pixels in one horizontal or vertical inch of a digital raster file. PPI is a way of measuring the resolution of a digital photo/image or digital device, including digital cameras and printers. The higher the number, the greater the resolution
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Lines per inch (lpi)
is the number of halftone dots produced in a horizontal or vertical linear inch by a high resolution imagesetter in order to simulate the appearance of continuous-tone color
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Dots per inch (dpi)
is the number of dots produced by an output device (ie. laser printer) in a single line of output. Dots per inch is sometimes used interchangeably (although incorrectly) with pixels per inch.
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Anti-aliasing
is a technique of blending bitmap-based images and text to reduce the stair-stepping or jagged appearance. In areas of transition, the edge pixels are blended to give a smoother appearance.
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Halftone Image
is the result of converting an image into a set of different-sized dots that fool the eye into believing that it sees a continuous tone for use in offset printing
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Line Art
an image made up entirely of 100% solid areas. Usually black and white only
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Color Mode
the color “space” or document type which defines the structure of the colors in your file. Files that stay on the screen should be “RGB”-______, and files that print should be “CMYK”
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Bitmap
the color “space” or document type which is defined with either on (white) or off (black) pixels.There are no shades of gray. This has one “channel” or level of color information.
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Channels
the primary component of Photoshop that use a special system to store the color information of an image and the data location of spot colors. _______ are created automatically when a new image is opened. There are 5 types: Color, Mask, Quick Mask, Layer Mask and Alpha ________
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Mask
a way of protecting specific areas of your image, just as you would use masking tape when painting your house. A _____ consists of a grayscale channel, called an alpha channel and is often displayed as a ruby overlay so the underlying image can be seen through the ____. The darkest areas of a ____ are the areas most protected and the white areas are unprotected. Shades of gray represent areas of partial protection that corresponds with the level of gray.
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Alpha Channel
is a special type of channel used in graphics software for saving selections. Most bitmap editing software allows you to save multiple ____ channels with an image when it is saved in the program's native file format. Any of the ____ channels can be reloaded as a selection or mask at any time, even after closing and reopening the image
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Grayscale
the color “space” or document type which is defined by black and white plus all of the gray tones as well. This has one “channel” or level of color information
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RGB Color Mode
the color “space” or document type which is defined by three channels of red, green and blue produced by the color monitor. It is created by combining different intensities of each of the three colors. This type of color producing is called “additive primaries” because the light of the monitor display is added together to make the color you need. Most monitors have a “gamut”, or range, of 16.7 million colors. If you mix the colors you’d get white
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CMYK Color Mode
the color “space” or document type which is based on the absorption and reflection of light. Usually this process is used mostly in printing such as printing presses or tshirt printing. Four “process” inks – cyan (close to blue), magenta (close to red), yellow and black (called the “subtractive primaries”) are used in varying combinations and percentages to produce a range of printable colors in most commercial printing. A CMYK file has four color “channels” one for each of the subtractive primary. Why is the letter “k” used for black? So that it is not confused with the name “Blue” which is not used in this mode. If you mixed all the colors you would get black
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RAW File Format
an image format containing unprocessed data. Think of ___ as the digital equivalent to a photo negative. ___ files are usually proprietary to the camera manufacturer and sometimes a specific camera model. That means that only the camera that captures the picture can understand the information collected on the sensors. The settings associated with them, such as the aperture, shutter speed, white balance, contrast, sharpening, and saturation values are not applied; they are stored for later use. ___ images are primarily used by professional photographers who require complete control over their image. This format doesn’t support photoshop layers
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PSD File Format
this is the native format for photoshop. It saves all the data in the photoshop file. It can be quite large including all layers, channels, effects and resolution. More and more programs are accepting ___ as a importable file format
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JPG File Format
joint Photographic Experts Group," is the name of the committee that developed the format. ___ is a file saving format that can compresses large colorful files by eliminating a small amount of information. However, if the image is compressed too much, the graphics become noticeably "blocky" and some of the detail is lost, or “lossy”. ____ doesn’t support transparency
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GIF File Format
"Graphics Interchange Format," ___ images use a compression formula originally developed by CompuServe (which is why you see the term "CompuServe GIF" in Photoshop) and are based on indexed colors, which is a palette of at most 256 colors. ___ files are great for small icons and animated images, but they lack the color range to be used for high-quality photos
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TIFF File Format
"Tagged Image File Format." A graphics file format created in the 1980's to be the standard image format across multiple computer platforms. The ____ format can handle color depths ranging from 1-bit to 24-bit. However, not much compression occurs with this format so file sizes tend to stay large. This format supports layers, alpha channels, and file compression
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EPS File Format
"Encapsulated PostScript." ___ is a PostScript image file format that is compatible with PostScript printers and is often used for transferring files between various graphics applications. ___ files will print identically on all PostScript-compatible printers and will appear the same in all applications that can read the PostScript format. PostScript is used for storing font and vector image information
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PDF File Format
“Portable Document Format” ___ is the file format for representing documents in a manner that is independent of the original application software, hardware, and operating system used to create those documents. A ___ file can describe documents containing any combination of text, graphics, and images in a device-independent and resolution independent format. These documents can be one page or thousands of pages, very simple or extremely complex with a rich use of fonts, graphics, color, and image
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Page Guides
invisible lines that can be dragged from the edge of the rulers (horizontal or vertical) to use for alignment or margins. You can also convert lines in Illustrator to become guides
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Compositing
is the process of combining any two or more objects (images, text, illustrations, etc) into an overall design
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Layers
the positioning of a stack of images relative to other stacks of images. ______ are like clear acetate sheets; opaque where there is imagery and transparent where there is no imagery
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History
the _______ palette displays a list of the most recent states (or changes) that were applied to an image, with the bottomomost state being the most recent. Clicking on a prior state restores the image to that stage of the editing process
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Selection
when a ______ is active on an image, only that area is editible – the rest of the image is protected. The _______ tools are used to edit areas or to cut, copy and paste images to different layers of the file
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Marquee Tool
is the tool used to create simple-shape selections. These selection shapes are usually rectangular, elliptical, a single row of pixels, or a single column of pixels. Holding the shift key while dragging a ______ will make a perfectly constrained selection shape
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Lasso Tool
is the selection tool that allows you to make organic, “free-form” selections. It works like a pencil following the mouse movements on screen
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Filter
a built in tool or plug-in that produces a special effect. The type of effects you can get with plug-in ______ can range from something as simple as a blurred or softened image to wild, psychedelic patterns, distortions, and artistic effects
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Blending Mode
allow you to adjust how one layer or color mixes with the colors in the layers below. _________ are most often used with layers in your graphics software, but they can also come into play with painting tools where the blending mode of the painting tool affects how the colors mix with the existing colors on the same layer where you are painting
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Gradient
a ________, or graduated fill, is a color fill that gradually blends fromone color to another. A ______ can contain more than two colors, all fading smoothly from one to another. ______ are very useful for creating shading for three-dimensional and metallic effects. Most graphics software allows you to create a variety of ________ effects such as linear, radial, reflected, diamond, conical, and angle
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Histogram
is a graph that depicts the tonal range of an image. The far left column represents 100% black pixels and the far right represents 100% white pixels, with all other tones spread in between. Most scanning software, photo editing software, and some digital cameras allow you to view an image's _______
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Feather
to change the edges by making them more transparent. You use ______ with the lasso tool
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Clone
the ____ tool is a tool that is used to take a section of an image and apply it onto another
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Plug-in
is a software module that can be added to a program to extend its functionality. It's a bit like a program inside a program
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Scratch Disk
the Photoshop ________ is your hard drive. Photoshop uses your hard drive as temporary "swap" space, or virtual memory, when your system does not have enough RAM to perform an operation
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TWAIN
is the interface standard for Windows and Macintosh that allows imaging hardware devices (such as scanners and digital cameras) to communicate with image processing software
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Smart Object
is an object that is imported into your working file and retains the connection to the original file. For example, if you brought a illustrator file into photoshop, you could double click on the imported file (in photoshop) and then it would launch illustrator to allow editing. Once it was saved (in illustrator), it would be updated back in photoshop
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Paths of Bezier Curves (Vector)
A _________ is a curved line or path defined by mathematical equations. It was named after Pierre ________, a French mathematician and engineer. Most graphics software includes a pen tool for drawing paths with ______ curves. The most basic ________ is made up of two end points, called “anchor points”, and control handles attached to each node
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Anchor Point (Vector)
is a point that marks the end of a vector line segment. These points can be moved around freely without disturbing any shape or text below it. The “pen tool” makes ___________ within your artwork
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Handles (Vector)
are controls, on a anchor point, that determine the shape of the vector line segment. With the _______, you can make a line arched or perfectly straight